The document discusses the role and evolution of public administration in development. It describes how development administration emerged after WWII to help newly independent countries address issues like poverty, illiteracy, and instability. Key aspects include formulating development goals and policies, managing programs and projects, reorganizing structures, and promoting participation. However, problems persist in many countries like colonial practices, lack of resources, and corruption. Solutions proposed are decentralizing decision-making, professionalizing the civil service, and gaining citizens' involvement in development efforts.

1. Public Administration and
Development
Mirza Faran Baig

2. XII. Public Administration and Development
• Role of Public Administration in Development;
• Concept of Development Administration;
• Difference Between Development
Administration and Development Management;
• Changing Role of Public Administration in
Development,
• Issues and Challenges in Public Administration-
The Pakistan Situation.

3. Role of Administration in Development
• Aftermath of WWII
• Newly independent countries in the world
• 3rd world problems of poverty, illiteracy,
health, social & political instability
• Govt. led efforts to intervene in socio-
economic transformation
Two aspects of Public Ad
• Administration of development
• Development of Administration

4. Emergence for Development Administration
• De-Colonization
• Undermining of goals of administration with
means of administration
• CAG (Comparative Administrative Group
1960)
• Need for indigenous administrative model
• UN sponsored development schemes
• Socio-economic development – Nation
Building

5. Concept & Objective of Development
Administration
• Economic Growth
• Societal change in the direction of modernity
• Social justice
• Attitudinal change
• Political Development (Equality of Law,
Increased capacity of political system to
deliver, sense of nationhood)

6. Concept & Objective of Development
Administration
• Modernization of Administration
• Sustainable Development
• National Building
• New Goals (Environment, Universal
Education, Preservation of wild life,
elimination of Poverty)

7. Functions of Development Public Ad
J.N. Khosla
• Formulation of Development goals & polices
• Program formulation/project management
• Re-organization of administrative structure & procedures
• Evaluation of results
• People’s participation in development efforts
• Promoting growth of social & political infrastructure
The above functions requires following on the part of public
administrative personnel:
– Competence
– Dynamic leadership
– Incorruptible work force
– Action orientation
– Goal orientation
– Change orientation

8. Problems of Development Administration
• Colonial past (Centralized/ authoritarian
administrative system
• The elitism
• Rules, regulations & forms takes precedence
over substance
• Non- indigenous
• Undue concentration of authority

9. Problems of Development Administration
• Limited delegation of authority
• Lengthy administrative procedures
• Lack of administrative leaders
• Shortage of technocrats
• Lack of commitment to development plans
• Lack of core competencies / skills
• Old Customs

10. Problems of Development Administration
• Insensitivity to people needs & oppressed sections of the
society
• Systemic & endemic corruption (institutionalized)
• Lack of political will to support needed development
plans/projects
• Primodial attitudes
• Lack of Attitudinal change
• Lack of participatory spirit

11. Problems of Development Administration
• Alienation at grass root level
• Poor direction / coordination & relationship between generalist
& specialist
• Poor organization of Public enterprises
• Govt. departments, boards, regulatory agencies & financial
institutions
• Insufficient finances & material resources

12. Solutions to the Problems of Development
Administration
• De-emphasis of hierarchy in the conventional
pyramidal organization
• Redesigned to enable cooperative decision making
& promoting collaborative problem solving
• Decentralization of authority
– Enabling field units to make decisions on the spot
– Free flow of reliable information in the organization for
speedy & effective decision making
– Recruitment , promotion, evaluation of public servants
based on merit.
– Traditional administration converted into modern
administration through training/capacity building
– Continuous man power planning
– Emphasizing professional & technical personnel

13. Solutions to the Problems of Development
Administration
– Flexibility & adaptability to quickly meet changes
– Modern management techniques such as cost benefit
analysis
– Supremacy of the politician must be accepted &
bureaucracy must work alongside as a co-partner of
development
– Administrative power should be under the direction
& control of political authority
– Bureaucracy must secure the cooperation an d
participation of citizen in development

14. Solutions to the Problems of Development
Administration
– Self help programs be encouraged
– Popular participation in development is a resource
– Work ethic
– Vigorous & impartial collection of revenues
– Avoiding wasteful expenditures

15. F. W. Riggs / Widener views on Development
Administration
• Concept of development Administration by Riggs
– Prismatic-sala model
– Heterogeneity
– Formulism
– Overlapping
• Widener’s idea on development administration
– Nation Building
– Socio-economic change
– Modernization
– System change & development
– Development administration & result specific
– Environmental factors
– Political factors
– Developmental & administration & bureaucracy

16. Widener’s Development Administration
Models
• Ideal Model (Planned directional growth with system
change)
• Short-run payoff (planned directional growth with no
system change)
• Long run payoff (planned system change with no
directional growth)
• Failure Model (Planning with no growth & no system
change)
• Environmental stimuleous model (unplanned directional
growth with system change)
• Pragmatism Model (unplanned directional growth with no
system change)
• Crises Model (unplanned system change with no
directional change)
• Static Model (No plans – No Change)

17. Approaches of Development Administration
• Elitist (Ethnocentric approach)
• Economic approach
• Diffusion approach
• Psychological approach
• Dependency approach (theory)
• Pluralistic approach
• Less-western approach (indigenous
approach)

18. Conventional Public Administration Vs
Developmental Administration.
No Conventional Administration Developmental Administration
1 Administration Oriented Structure/action oriented.
2 Status quo oriented resists
organizational changes
Change Orientation & carrier of
innovation
3 Oriented towards efficiency &
economy
Inclined towards program
achievements & effectiveness
4 Regulatory Client centered –
5 Rigid Flexible & Dynamic
6 Centralized decision making Encourages participative decision
making
7 People have no right in
administration except the right of
appeal & petition
Gives position to representative of
people in administrative process of
making & implementing decisions

19. No Conventional Administration Developmental Administration
8 No temporal dimensions Time oriented
9 It relies on status leadership It requires functional leadership
10 Problem solving Concerned with problem finding
11 Emphasizes centralized
administration & unresponsive to
the needs of the people
Decentralized system & responsive to
the people needs
12 It deals with routine operation,
which are predictable
It is concerned with new tasks &
problems which at times are
unpredictable
Conventional Public Administration Vs
Developmental Administration.

20. THANK YOU

21. Nature of Development Administration
• By product of comparative study of Public Ad.
• More relevant to the developing countries
• Rooted in the field rather than headquarters
• Emphasized decentralization of authority
• Enables field units to take decision on the
spot
• Participative, responsive & accountable
management
• Ecological in nature
• Closely linked with politics

22. Scope of Development Public Ad
• Extension & Community services
• Program Planning
• Project Management
• Area Development
• Urban Development
• Personnel development & Administration

23. Characteristics of Development
Administration
• Goal orientation
• Change Orientation
• Result Orientation
• Time Orientation
• Client Orientation
• Commitment
• Innovation
• People’s participation