This document discusses different types of rectifiers, including half-wave, full-wave, and bridge rectifiers. It covers their basic operations, such as how diodes conduct during different half-cycles, as well as calculations for average and RMS values. The document also examines rectifier output voltage ripple and how it can be reduced through the use of filtering capacitors.

2. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
RECTIFIER
Tuesday, September 17, 2013

3. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Half-Wave rectifier

4. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Block diagram of a rectifier and a dc power supply with a load

5. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Half-wave rectifier operation. The diode is considered to be ideal.

6. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
The effect of the barrier potential on the
half-wave rectified output voltage is to
reduce the peak value of the input by
about 0.7 V.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

7. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Vp
0
-VP
π 2π
Vi(t)
t
VD
Vp - VD
0 π 2π
Vo(t)
t

8. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Average value of the half-wave rectified signal
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

9. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Average value of HWR
[ ]
π
V
θcos
2π
V
dθ0dθθsinV
2π
1
dtV
T
1
V
P
π
0
P
2π
0
p
T
0
DC
=
−=



 +=
=
∫∫
∫
π
π

10. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
RMS Value of HWR
( )
4
V
θsinθ
π4
V
dθ2θcos1
2
1
π2
V
dθθ
π2
V
dθ0dθθsinV
π2
1
dtV
T
1
V
P
π
0
P
P
π
0
P
2π
0
2
p
T
0
2
rms
2
2
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
sin
=






−=






−==



 +=
=
∫∫
∫∫
∫
π
π
π

11. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
VDC
Vrms
t0
t1
t2
t3
Vp
VO
t

12. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
The PIV occurs at the peak of each half-cycle of
the input voltage when the diode is reverse-
biased. In this circuit, the PIV occurs at the peak
of each negative half-cycle.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

13. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Half-wave rectifier with transformer-coupled
input voltage
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

14. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

15. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Center-tapped
Full-wave Rectifier

16. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Full-wave rectification
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

17. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Average Value
[ ]
π
V2
θcos
π
V
dθθsinV
π
1
dtV
T
1
V
P
π
0
P
π
0
p
T
0
DC
=
−=
=
=
∫
∫

18. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
RMS Value
( )
2
V
θsinθ
π2
V
dθ2θcos1
2
1
π
V
dθθsinV
π
1
dtV
T
1
V
P
π
0
P
P
π
0
2
p
T
0
2
rms
2
2
0
2
2
2
2
2
1
=




−=






−=
=
=
∫
∫
∫
π

19. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
A center-tapped full-wave rectifier
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

20. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

21. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Center-tapped full-wave rectifier with a transformer turns ratio of 1.
Vp(pri) is the peak value of the primary voltage.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

22. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Center-tapped full-wave rectifier
with a transformer turns ratio of 2
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

23. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Diode reverse voltage
(D2 shown reverse-biased and D1 shown forward-biased).
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices, Electron Flow Version, 5e
Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

24. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

25. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

26. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
26
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

27. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Bridge operation during a positive half-cycle of the primary and secondary voltages
27
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

28. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Vp
0
-VP
π 2π
Vi(t)
t
Vp - VD
0 π 2π
Vo(t)
t
28Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

29. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Peak inverse voltages across diodes D3 and D4
in a bridge rectifier during the positive
half-cycle of the secondary voltage.
Dr. RS
Tuesday, September 17, 2013

30. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Power supply filtering
30
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

31. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

32. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
32
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

33. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Half-wave ripple voltage
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

34. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
The frequency of a full-wave rectified voltage is twice
that of a half-wave rectified voltage
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

35. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Comparison of ripple voltages for half-wave and full-wave
rectified voltages with the same filter capacitor and load and derived
from the same sinusoidal input voltage.
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013

36. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Vr and VDC determine the ripple factor
Vp(rect) : unfiltered peak rectified voltage
Vr(pp) : peak to peak ripple voltage
VDC : average value of ripple voltage
rhwr =
Vr(pp)
VDC
=
1
2 3fRLC
36
Dr. RS Tuesday, September 17, 2013
rfwr =
Vr(pp)
VDC
=
1
4 3fRLC

37. Instructor: Muhammad Bilal
Effects of RL and C
Tuesday, September 17, 2013Dr. RS
C=1000µF C=470µF
C=100µF
R=1500Ω
R=1000Ω
R=500Ω
(a) RL
fixed (b) C fixed