Description to Local area Networking

1. LAN
(LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
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2. INTRODUCTION
• A local-area network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively small
area. Most often, a LAN is confined to a single room, building or group of
buildings, however, one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance
via telephone lines and radio waves.
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3. FEATURE’S OF LAN
• Networking limited to a small geographical area (less than 1km radius)
• High speed data transfer.
• Data error rate is very less since data is transferred to limited distance.
• Managing local area networks is easy as only a single technology and
symmetrical topology is used.
• Only limited number of computers can be connected in a LAN network.
• Types of data supported is tailored to the application
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4. COMPONENTS OF LAN
• The hardware which is connected to form the LAN.
• The software (or programs) which is accessed through the LAN.
• The users, who create, work with and manage the various files.
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5. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
Networking Interface Card (NICs):
A network interface card (NIC) is a circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so
that it can be connected to a network. Each networked device contains a Network
Interface Card. The NIC may be a separate board installed into a computer’s slot, or it
may be built into the motherboard.
Server:
A network server is a computer designed to process requests and deliver data to other
(client) computers over a local network or the Internet. A server may be three types:
• File Server: A file server is a computer that stores files, is attached to a network, and
provides shared access of those files to multiple workstation computers.
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6. • Print Server: A print server is a device that connects printers to client computers
over a network. It accepts print request from the computers and sends the jobs to
the appropriate printers over the LAN.
• Communication Server: A communication server is a computer system
designed to handle a wide range of communications-based applications.
Station:
• A station is a computer that is connected with a server computer over the LAN,
and communicate with other devices connected with it.
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7. HUB:
• A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to
connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives
atone port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see
all-packets.
Switch:
• A switch is like a hub in that it is a central point for connecting network cables;
however, a switch is able to receive a packet and transmit it to only the
destination computer.
Router:
• Routers make the connection to the Internet for LANs. They use a configuration
table to decide where packets should go.
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8. Access point:
• A hardware device or a computer’s software that acts as a communication hub for
users of a wireless device to connect to a wired LAN.
Power Supply:
• Both wired and wireless networks need a power supply. A wireless network uses the
current to generate radio waves. A cabled network sends data interpreted as an
electronic pulse
Connector:
• A network connector refers to any device that used to connect many LAN connection
with the hardware of the computer.
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9. LAN SOFTWARE
• The operating system of each attached server: The server operating system
is considered to be the brains of the network:
• The operating system of each attached station: All PCs require an operating
system to function.
• Applications software accessed by LAN users: Applications software is those
software, which are used to perform a specific task. The most common business
applications are word processing, spreadsheet analysis and database
management.
• Groupware: A second type of application software has been introduced for the
LAN environment— groupware. Groupware refers to programs that help people
work together collectively while located remotely from each other.
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10. MAINTENANCE OF LAN
• The users: A user is defined as a person who makes use of the network
resources.
• Network Administrator: The network administrator is the individual responsible
for maintaining the LAN. It is essential that the administrator have a good
understanding of how the network is put together and how it functions.
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11. USES OF LAN
• LANs transfer data at much faster rates than telephone line connections, but are
limited in the number of computers they can support and the distances they can
transfer data. LANs can connect to other LANs over telephone lines, satellites or
radio waves, creating what's known as a wide-area network (WAN).
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12. LAN STANDARD
• Distributed data interface networks
A Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is an optical fiber-based local area network (LAN) that uses the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 3T9.5 standard for a media access control (MAC) protocol of token
ring.
• Ethernet networks
Ethernet is one type of local area network (LAN) topology that the i5/OS operating system supports. i5/OS
Ethernet provides support for the Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox standard (Ethernet
Version 2) and the IEEE 802.3 standard.
• Token-ring networks
A token-ring network is a local area network (LAN) topology that sends data in one direction throughout a
specified number of locations by using a token.
• Wireless networks
The more mobile your employees are, the more you should consider a wireless network. The portable transaction
computers (PTCs) make the direct connection between the office and offsite locations possible.
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13. 9/20/2020
Aravali College of Engineering And Management
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Website : www.acem.edu.in