btec travel assignment

1. BTEC TRAVEL & TOURISM
ASSIGNMENT 2 / P1
Development in the Travel & Tourism industry
Anamika Sunil

2. DEVELOPMENT IN THE
TRAVEL & TOURISM INDUSTRY
The travel and tourism has been extremely developed since the
1960’s.Today the foreign travel is within the reach of almost all
segments of society. During the World War 11, people did not go
abroad or visit other places apart from the richer people as they
were the only ones who could afford it.The industry has mostly
development as a direct result of technological developments. For
example: Air travel became more safe, rapid and comfortable and
tickets and accommodation can now be booked online. Almost all
changes now continue to have an impact on present day travel and
tourism.

3. TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT
- RAIL/ HIGH SPEEDTRAINS
High speed trains are like the usual type of train but it functions at a faster speed,
the high speed train in Europe travels at 125 miles per hour. The first high speed
trains appeared in Europe and the U.S in 1933.
A proposal has been made by Network Rail for a high-speed railway line linking
Scotland and London. It is estimated that the journey would only take 2 hours and
16 minutes.
High speed trains can help reduce the economic and external costs of
transportation. It is the busiest high-speed rail service in the world, carrying more
than 420,000 passengers on a typical weekday.
This has shaped the travel and tourism industry by providing new, faster means of
transport and lowering air traffic as super planes have begun taking over the
industry.

4. TRANSPORT
DEVELOPMENT - SEA/
CHANNELTUNNEL
For a long period of time, a tunnel between France and England was just an idea. In 1986,
Foreign Affairs ministers of both countries signed the Franco-British Treaty in
Canterbury.
The channel tunnel is a railway that is underneath the water of the English Channel and
connects the island of Great Britain with mainland France. The tunnel opened on 6th
May 1994, but passengers were only allowed on the channel tunnel from 14th
November 1994.
The channel is one of the easiest and cheaper way of transport to get to France. As a
results, a lot of tourists would choose this over flights as they cost a lot less than flying
to France.
This has developed the industry as they have create a whole new method of traveling
that is much more cheaper than other transports. It has been said that 300 million
people use the Channel Tunnel currently.

5. TRANSPORT
DEVELOPMENT - AIR/
SUPER PLANES
Air travel was not common in the early 1950's.Aircraft were not powered by propellers
and their cabins were not pressurized.As a result, plane trips were loud and aircrafts could
not fly at very high altitudes. Airplane trips were also long, with frequent stops for a long
period of time and refuel. In the late 1950's, Qantas purchased a new Boeing jet powered
aircraft that could fly faster and carry more passengers. By the 1960's propeller driven
aircraft became dominant. International and domestic air travel became much more
cheaper.
The super plane airbus A380 took its first flight in 2005 and entered its first initial
commercial service in 2007 with Singapore airlines.The airbus A380 can hold up to 853
passengers at one time.
The super planes has a heavy effect on the travel industry as it carry a lot more
passengers than a normal aircraft and therefore won’t use as much fuel and costs less.
However it is more likely to attract people going on long haul flights and looking for
comfort. In 2017, approximately 15 A380 jets were delivered to customers worldwide.

6. LIFESTYLE CHANGES -
INCREASED INCOME AND
EXPECTATIONS
The nation has become wealthier and have higher expectations that the past. People
nowadays at least take one holiday per year and most of them prefer to be abroad.
Holiday pays have also become much more popular as managers, teachers etc get
paid whilst on holiday. While people may argue this is not fair, it has increased
revenue in the travel & tourism industry.
The income has also increased for almost all kinds of jobs, which has enabled people
of all statuses to travel abroad or go on holiday and since their expectations have
increased they have being traveling to more distant, luxurious places.
For example, the number of international tourists visiting Dubai reached 8.1 million
in the first half of 2018 and this proves that more people are willing to spend their
income on holidays.

7. LIFESTYLE CHANGES
- AGE
An important market in the travel & tourism industry is the ‘grey’ market; older people who have
plenty of time and available funds and a desire to travel.
As a result of better health care, people are living a lot longer and are staying healthier which
means that there is a longer period from when they can retire for them to engage in different
activities and they are finding more ways too spend their time with money. This means traveling
abroad for various reasons such as vision relatives and enjoying new places.
It has also become common for people to retire before the age of 50 as a result of private
pension schemes especially if mortgages are paid off and children have left home.
Saga is the most famous tour operator for the ‘grey market’ but a lot of more tour operators
have become aware and are contributing to this market segment. To support these companies,
the number in the grey market are also rising - there are almost 104 million elderly persons in
just India, which is almost 8.6% of their total population.
Age has played an important in the travel industry as traveling is not only for families and youth
anymore; they have become accessible for everyone.

8. LIFESTYLE CHANGES -
HOLIDAY PATTERNS
Trends and other factors have affected our attitude to traveling within and outside
the country and the industry has grown in popularity.
The trends have been majorly developed due to flexible working patterns that
enable employees to alter their pattern of working arrangements and take more
time with family and friends.
Therefore, people take more holidays than ever before. Cities like London, NewYork
have become very popular destinations.
This has developed the travel industry by increasing demand for products and
increasing jobs in the travel and tourism industry.Travel and Tourism GDP is set to
grow by 4.3% this year and around 4.7 million new jobs were created as a result of
travel & tourism activity.

9. TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT -
RESERVATION & BOOKINGS
Reservation departments were introduced in 1950’s as demand for travel grew. With the advent of
computers, tour operators and airlines developed their own systems.The systems then were linked to
travel agencies via terminals and travel agents could make bookings in their offices; known as
“viewdata”.
Thomson decided to accept bookings only through “viewdata”, which means that the system was
essential for any travel agent. Viewdata has become unsophisticated, although it is still used.
Airlines developed Computer Reservation Systems (CRS), it was internally used by airlines and agents
would use OAG (the official airline guide) to look up flight datails, then telephone the airline to make
bookings.
Today, travel agencies have direct access to CRS. Global distribution systems (GDS) link up several CRS
systems and present them to the travel agent.
With the growth of internet, this has enabled tourists to book all aspects of their holiday online and
therefore make their own packages.Airline websites such as Emirates has their own booking system
on their website, making it much more easier to book last minute holiday plans. It is estimated that the
Asia-Pacific region will generate 37% of the worlds turnover for online reservations.

10. TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT - SELF
CHECK-IN AT AIRPORTS
Self check-in emerged about 20 years ago but it was only used by a few airlines on a few
routes. The current versions of self check-in services are a world away from these first
models, having been developed in 2000.
Self check-in seemed to be away to help improve customer service while driving down staff
costs. Passengers are able to save time by choosing their own seat and printing their boarding
pass at a kiosk. From there, they are directed to ‘fast bag drop’ where they can drop off their
luggage and head to the boarding gate. e.g Dubai Airports
Forrester Research vice president Henry Harteveldt says previously, it cost the airline $3.02
per passenger for conventional check-in services.With kiosks, this cost has been reduced to
14¢.
This has been an attractive development in the travel & tourism industry as self check-in has
made the traveling aspect a lot easier and faster for tourists. Moreover, in 2018, only 50% of
passengers were still using check-in desks at airports and this is forecasted to drop to 27% in
2021, therefore making it a rapidly growing technological development.

11. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
- HOLIDAY CAMPS
Holiday camps are a type of holiday accommodation that encourages holiday makers to stay within the site boundary and
provides entertainment for them between meals.
The holiday makers can either choose full board, half board or self-catering:
• Full Board:All meals would be included in the price.
• Half Board: Only the main meal would be included.
• Self-catering: No meals provided.
Between 1945 and 1960, holiday camps were at their peak, catering for about 60 per cent of the holiday market. By 1964,
Warner had 14 camps across the country, Butlin opened his 10th camp in 1966, and Pontin had expanded into providing trips
to Mediterranean locations in 1963. Centre Parcs was founded in July 1987 and the first village in the UK that opened was at
Sherwood Forest. Now they offer short holidays, with mid-week or weekend breaks all year around. Butlins still exists and it
is owned by the Bourne Leisure group.
According to a recent survey, British holiday parks enjoyed a “purple patch”, drawing a record of 6 million people last year.
British holiday parks are going to become more relevant on the market as families may find it easier to travel within Britain
with children than visiting other countries outside the UK.The development of holiday camps has also changed the
introduced the travel & tourism industry to a nature oriented holiday with outstanding leisure activities and over 200
activities.

12. PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT - PACKAGE
HOLIDAYS
Package Holidays have become extremely popular recently.They are easier to plan and book.A package Holiday
consists of transport and accommodation and other services such as rental cars, activities or outings in the day may
also be provided in the package.They are organized by tour operators and sold to a consumer by a travel agent.
The first package holiday was in 1949, organized byVladimir Raitz, the co-founder of the Horizon Holiday Group. He
pioneered the first mass package holidays abroad in 1950 by taking 32 passengers to Corsica on a DC3 airplane. He
charged them £32.50 and the package included accommodation in tents, return flights, transfers and full board. He
organized the first package holiday to Palma in 1952, Lourdes in 1953 and the Costa Brava and Sardinia in 1954.
By the late 1960’s, these cheap package holidays provided a chance for people in the U.K to have an affordable travel
abroad.The major growth came in 1970s as people wanted to see more places and therefore hotels were built
rapidly to fulfill their demands. Currency restrictions of not taking more than £50 out of the country were lifted in
the 1970’s which lead to an increase in the appeal of package holidays as tourists could spend more while on holiday.
Package holidays therefore made a big impact in the travel & tourism industry by providing people with new
opportunities and making it easier for families to go on holiday, however, lately package holidays have been declining -
32% of people are taking independent holidays versus 30% on package holidays and 19% going on tailor- made or
specialist holidays. A major reason for the decline is that it is now much easier for tourists to book their own flights
and accommodation, therefore they don't have the need to rely on booking a packaged holiday.

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://lucybrooks10.weebly.com/the-key-developments.html
Edexcel Travel & Tourism Level 3 Book 1
http://leannestravelandtourisminfo.weebly.com/key-developments-from-the-1960s.html
https://www.statista.com/statistics/493957/check-in-method-airline-passengers/
https://www.airport-technology.com/features/feature1510/
http://stravelandtourism.weebly.com/key-developments-of-the-uk-travel-and-tourism-industry.html
http://learnabouttravel.weebly.com/development-of-the-travel-and-tourism-industry.html
https://gulfnews.com/business/tourism/81m-tourists-visited-dubai-in-first-half-1.2260431
http://travelandtourismindustry.weebly.com/development-of-the-tourism-industry-since-the-1960s.html
http://en.rfi.fr/visiting-france/20121018-three-hundred-million-people-use-channel-tunnel