composite climate - features , building characteristics example - traditional dwellings in Jharkhand

2. COVERS THE CENTERAL PART OF INDIA
TWO MAIN SEASONS – HOT & DRY, WARM & HUMID
CITIES : NEW DELHI, KANPUR, ALLAHABAD
TEMPERATURE : IN SUMMER – 32-43’ C (day time)
27-32`C (night)
IN WINTER - 10-25`C (day)
4-10`C (night)
HUMIDITY: 20-25% -dry periods
55-95% - wet periods

3. VARIAVBLE LANDSCAPE AND SEASONAL VEGETATION
SOLAR RADIATION : HIGH INTENSITY IN SUMMER
LOW IN MONSOON
PRECIPITATION : 500-1300mm per year
WINDS : STRONG – MONSOONS
HOT & DUSTY – SUMMER
DRY,COLD WINDS IN – WINTER
SKY CONDITIONS : CLEAR – WINTER
DULL – MONSOON
FREQUENTLY HAZY - SUMMER

4.  COURTYARD TYPE BUILDINGS ARE VERY SUITABLE
 LARGE PROJECTING EAVES AND VERANDAHS
 ROOF INSULATION AND WALL INSULATION
 THICKER WALLS
 AIR LOCKS AND BALCONIES
 WEATHER STRIPPING
 PALE COLOURS AND GLAZED CHINA MOSAIC TILES
 EXHAUSTS
 TREES AND WATER BODIES FOR EVAPORATIVE COOLING
 DEHUMIDIFIERS AND DESICCANT COOLING
 LARGE OPENINGS IN OPPOSITE WALLS
 APPROPRIATE OREINTATION AND SHAPE OF BUILDING
 CAVITY WALLS, TERRACE GARDENS

5.  The houses were built of local materials
such as mud sticks grass and pebbles by
local crafts men
 A hut measured appx. 5 to 6 m long and
3-4 m wide
 Surrounded by fence made of bamboo
shrubs that defined boundary

6.  The only opening in the external walls
was the main door
 Some houses had windows , but they
were small and placing high to ventilate
the indoors
 The small windows also served to keep
the hot summer sun and cold winds out.
 The house sat on a raised platform made
of compacted earth. The high thermal
mass helped keep the house cool in the
evenings in summer which made it
pleasant for people to rest in the
evenings

7. Plan of typical hut house in Jharkhand

8. Section of typical hut house in Jharkhand

9.  COURTYARD - a semi public courtyard is
provided in front and at the rear end of the
hut
 This open-to-sky courtyard acted a prime
space for the house.
 In winter the courtyard provided sunlight at
the centre of the house enabling heat to
be available to most of the house
 During night , the space radiated heat to
the adjoining rooms mitigating the cold
 During summers, courtyard acted as a
thermal chimney to let the warm air escape
the house and draw the cooler winds into
the house

10.  Material- timber bamboo straw clay cow
dung
 Special mud making process - walls
made of mud obtained by souring the
earth by adding vegetable waste and
leaving it to mature . The decaying
waste produces tannic acid and other
organic colloids, greatly improving the
mud’s plasticity
 This mud was then mixed with cow dung
chopped straw and gravel to make the
raw material for the walls

11.  Wall thickness – 450mm
 The walls were formed by applying thick coat
of mixture on both the sides of bamboo mesh
that wrapped around the posts
 The roof rested on nine wooden posts erected
in 3 rows
 These posts were sunk into raised platform and
tied with wooden beams that supported the
roof structure
 Usually gabled thatch roof, bamboo sticks
formed the mullions to support the thatch
 The thick thatch used as roofing material
prevented rain from entering and provided
insulation to the building

12. Construction details

13. Front verandah used for sitting in winter and
to shade the light colored exterior wall
Trees to shade west wall
Light colored walls to reflect heat Interlocking burnt clay tiles
Thick mud walls to
increase thermal capacity
Courtyard

14. PRESENTED BY:
ANJALI.S