3. What is that causes one individuals to be more
effective in his responds to a particular situation that
another No doubt ,interest ,attitude ,desired,
knowledge and skill etc.Count towards this
achievement .but still there is something that
contributes significantly towards these varying
differences .In Psychology it is termed “Intelligence”
In ancient India our great rishis named it “Viveka”
Meaning and Definitions of Intelligence
As discussed earlier in a day to day conversion an
individual is said to be intelligent in portions as he is
successful in meeting general life situation .below are
some important definition of intelligence.
4. Woodworth and Marquis
“Intelligence means intellect put to use .it is the use of
intellectual arteries of an handling a situation or
accomplishing any task”(1948)
Stern
“Intelligence is a general capacity of an individual
consciously to adjust his thinking to new problem and
conditions of life (1914)
Terman
“An individual is intelligent in proportion as he is able to
carry on abstract thinking (1912)
5. Wagron
“ Intelligence is the capacity to learn and adjust to
relatively new and changing conditions.” (1937)
David Wechsler
“ Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of an
individual to act purposefully to think rationally and
to deal effectively with his environment.” (1946)
6. With the help of these definition we can be able to
understand how intelligence operates what type of
behavior of an individual makes him intelligent
person but it does not explain what is the structure
of intelligence or in other words what are different
components or elements of intelligence.
7. 1. It is an endowment to the individual child, which has
been given to him by nature.
2. It helps the child in the learning process & to achieve the
goal of maximum learning in minimum period of time.
3. It enables the child to proceed from concrete to abstract.
It is in abstract terms that ideas remain in our mental
makeup.
4. It helps the child to acquire the capacity to profit from
his previous experience & others.
Characteristics of Intelligence.
8. 5. Intelligence gives an insight to the child to evaluate the future and
according to the requirements of the situation.
6. It enables him to distinguish between the right & wrong truth &
falsehood social & anti social activities.
7. The developmental period of intelligence is from birth to
adolescence.
8. There is a minor difference in the development of intelligence
between boys and girls.
9. There are individual differences with regard to the intelligence
between boys & girls.
10. Intelligence is mostly determined by heredity but suitable
environment necessary to improve it.
9. Educational implications
Individual intelligence tests are used in school and other
educational settings to provide information about children’s and
adolescents’ ability to express themselves, reason and problem
solve, and perform on variety of tasks. This information can be
used to design programs for children's with special needs or gifts
in academic areas. Despite their shortcomings, intelligence tests
are considered useful for indentifying children for advanced
programs for gifted learners ( Pyryt, 1996). These tests also play
an especially important role in special education. They can be
used for identifying an expected level of academic performance
and also in helping school professionals design individual
educational programs (IEP) for student with special needs
(Scattler, 2001). However, kim (2005) found in a meta – analysis
of 21 studies that IQ tests are not effective for use in identifying
students with special talents.
10. S.K. Mangal - Educational Psychology,
Advanced Educational Psychology, W.N. Dandekar
and Sanyoglata Makhija
Psychological Foundations of Education , Mac Millan
www.wikipedia.org
References
