For 'Jump on the board' eTwinning project

2. Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci was excellent painter,
architect and inventor. For much of his life,
Leonardo was fascinated by the phenomenon
of flight, producing many studies of the flight of
birds. He as plans for several flying machines,
including a helicopter and a light hang glider.
Most were impractical, but the hang glider has
been successfully constructed and
demonstrated.
Design for a flying machine

3. The Leonardo Gallery in Museum of technique in Milan
The original nucleus of this museum was our ample collection of models
of his machines, which were reconstructed from his drawings

4. BALLOONBALLOON
A balloon travels by moving with
the wind. It is distinct from an
airship, which is a buoyant aircraft
that can be propelled through the
air in a controlled manner.

5. History of ballooningHistory of ballooning
Unmanned hot air balloons are popular in Chinese history.
Zhuge Liang of the Shu Han kingdom, in the Three Kingdoms
era (220-280 AD) used airborne lanterns for military signaling.
The first clearly recorded instance of a balloon carrying
passengers used hot air to generate buoyancy and was built
by the brothers Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne
Montgolfier in Annonay, France. After experimenting with
unmanned balloons and flights with animals, the first tethered
balloon flight with humans on board took place on October 19,
1783 with the scientist Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, the
manufacture manager, Jean-Baptiste Réveillon and Giroud de
Villette, at the Folie Titon in Paris. The first free flight with
human passengers was on November 21, 1783 King Louis
XVI had originally decreed that condemned criminals would be
the first pilots, but de Rozier, along with Marquis Francois
d'Arlandes, successfully petitioned for the honor.
First passengers: sheep, cock and duck

6. PARACHUTEPARACHUTE
A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an
atmosphere by creating drag. Parachutes are made out of cloth, most commonly
nylon. Parachutes are often used, for example, to slow the descent of an object
falling to Earth or another celestial body within an atmosphere.
According to historian Robert Temple, Chinese texts
described a form of parachute 21 centuries ago. A conical
parachute appears for the first time in the 1470s in an Italian
manuscript, slightly preceding Leonardo da Vinci's conical
parachute designs. It was intended as an escape device to
allow people to jump from burning buildings, but there is no
evidence that it was actually ever used. Leonardo da Vinci
sketched a parachute while he was living in Milan around
1480-1483. The first military use for the parachute was for
use by artillery spotters on tethered observation balloons in
World War. These were tempting targets for enemy fighter
aircraft, though difficult to destroy, due to their heavy
antiaircraft defenses.

7. PARAGLIDERPARAGLIDER
The pilot sits in a harness suspended
below a fabric wing, whose shape is
formed by its suspension lines and the
pressure of air entering vents in the front
of the wing.
A paraglider is a free-flying, foot-launched aircraft.

8. Powered hang gliderPowered hang glider
A foot-launched powered hang glider (FLPHG), also called powered
harness, nanolight or hangmotor, is a powered hang glider harness with a
motor and propeller in pusher configuration. An ordinary hang glider is used
for its wing and control frame, and the pilot can foot-launch from a hill or from
flat ground, needing a length of about a football field to get airborne, or much
less if there is an oncoming breeze and no obstacles. Although the main
appeal of FLPHGs is to the already experienced hang glider pilot, interest in
these machines is growing rapidly, particularly in areas where there are no
hills for foot-launching.
The pilot can cruise in good weather at speeds of 40 to 72 km/h (25 to 45
mi/h), but powered harnesses have limited power, range and thrust, so are
best used as self-launch devices to achieve enough altitude to find a warm-
rising air thermal for soaring.

9. An ultralight trike, also known as a Flex-wing trike or Weight-Shift
Microlight, is a type of powered hang glider using the Rogallo wing coupled
to a propeller-powered three-wheeled undercarriage. While most powered
aircraft have three-wheeled landing gear, the term "trike" refers specifically to
the form of aircraft described here.

10. BLIMPBLIMP
Aircraft began to transport people and cargo as designs grew larger and
more reliable. In contrast to small non-rigid blimps, giant rigid airships
became the first aircraft to transport passengers and cargo over great
distances. The best known aircraft of this type were manufactured by
the German Zeppelin company.
The most successful Zeppelin was the Graf Zeppelin. It flew over one
million miles, including an around-the-world flight in August 1929.
However, the dominance of the Zeppelins over the airplanes of the that
period, which had a range of only a few hundred miles, was diminishing
as airplane design advanced. The "Golden Age" of the airships ended
on June 6, 1937 when the Hindenburg caught fire killing 36 people.
Although there have been periodic initiatives to revive their use, airships
have seen only niche application since that time.

12. GLIDERGLIDER
A glider is a kind of airplane. It does not have a motor.
It uses wind to fly.

13. History of gliderHistory of glider
The first heavier-than-air man-carrying aircrafts were Sir George Cayley's series
of gliders which achieved brief wing-borne hops from around 1849. Santos
Dumont, Otto Lilienthal, Percy Pilcher, John J. Montgomery, and the Wright
Brothers are other pioneers who built gliders to develop aviation. After World
War I gliders were built for sporting purposes in Germany (see link to Rhön-
Rossitten Gesellschaft) and in the United States (Schweizer brothers). The
sporting use of gliders rapidly evolved in the 1930s and is now the main
application. As their performance improved, gliders began to be used to fly
cross-country and now regularly fly hundreds or even thousands of kilometers in
a day, if the weather is suitable.
Otto Lilienthal 1895

14. AIRPLANEAIRPLANE
A fixed-wing aircraft, usually called an airplane or aeroplane, is a
heavier-than-air aircraft capable of flight whose lift is generated not by wing
motion relative to the aircraft, but by forward motion through the air. The
term is used to distinguish fixed-wing aircraft from rotary-wing aircraft and
ornithopters in which lift is generated by blades or wings that move relative
to the aircraft. Many fixed-wing aircraft are propelled forward by the thrust
from propellers or jet engines, but the category includes unpowered aircraft
(usually called gliders).

15. The WrightThe Wright brothersbrothers
The Wright brothers built the first airplane that had
a motor. When Wilbur and Orville were boys, they
made own toy helicopter. The Wright brothers
worked together when they grew up.
They learned more about how birds fly. They used what they learned to build a
glider. They could steer it well. They made a wind tunnel from a wood box. It helped
the brothers learn about flying. The brothers made a new plane. It had a motor.
They called the plane „The Flyer”. They took the plane to a field at Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina. Wilbur got in the plane. The plane flew for about 3 seconds. Then it
crashed! It took three days to fix the plane. When it was ready, Orville got on the
plane. On December 17, 1903 the plane flew! It stayed in the air for 12 seconds.
Then it safely landed on the ground. It was wonderful first flight.

16. The Caproni Ca.60 Noviplano was a nine wing flying boat intended to be a
prototype for a 100 passenger trans-atlantic airliner. It featured eight
engines and three sets of triple wings. Two pontoons, mounted on each
side, were intended to give the aircraft stability. Only one example of this
aircraft was built by Caproni. The prototype only made one short flight on 4
March 1921 over Lake Maggiore in Italy. The aircraft attained an altitude
of only 60 feet and crashed shortly thereafter. It broke up on impact and
quickly filled with water, sinking to the bottom of the lake in a few minutes.
Both pilots were killed!
Miał 9 skrzydeł i 8 silników.

17. View is very beautiful!View is very beautiful!

18. JET AIRCRAFTJET AIRCRAFT
A jet aircraft is an aircraft propelled by jet engines. Jet aircraft fly much
faster than propeller-powered aircrafts and at higher altitudes — as high
as 10,000 to 15,000 meters. At these altitudes, jet engines achieve
maximum efficiency over long distances. The engines in propeller
powered aircraft achieve their maximum efficiency at much lower
altitudes. Jet aircraft can move faster than sound.

19. HELICOPTERHELICOPTER
BLADEBLADE
A helicopter is an aircraft that is lifted and propelled by one or more
horizontal rotors, each rotor consisting of two or more rotor blades.
Helicopters are classified as rotorcraft or rotary-wing aircraft to distinguish
them from fixed-wing aircraft because the helicopter achieves lift with the
rotor blades which rotate around a mast. The word 'helicopter' is adapted
from the French hélicoptère, coined by Gustave de Ponton d'Amecourt in
1861, which originates from the Greek helix/helik- ( λικ-) = "spiral" orἕ
"turning" and pteron (πτερόν) = "wing".

20. COCKPIT
Work on airportWork on airport

24. Museum of toy in KielceMuseum of toy in Kielce

26. Dawid K.Dawid K.
Primary School No 5,Primary School No 5,
Bielsk Podlaski,Bielsk Podlaski,
PolandPoland