My Siggraph 2012 presentation slides on Screen Space Decals in Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine. SSD is similar to Deferred Decals, so I focused more on the problems we had and how we solved(or avoided) them

1. Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Screen
Bullets are blue Space Decals
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 Spacebefore & after
in Warhammer 40,000: points Marine
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slidePope Kim
Sr. Graphics Programmer
(seven). Relic Entertainment (past)
 Sub bullets look like this

2. Traditional Decals
Edit this text to create a Heading
 Sometime between 2008
This subtitle is 20 points and 2009, I was given a task
 to implement a decal system
Bullets are blue
 So I researched what spacing, 2 points doing & after
They have 110% line other games are before
 Quick 2bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
Longer min review on shooting a bullet against a wall
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

3. A Wall with 4 Verts
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

4. Bullet Hits Here
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

5. Want to text a create a Heading
Edit thisDrawto Dent Texture
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

6. But this text to create a Heading
Edit How?
 Draw this texture points
This subtitle is 20 at the collision point
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after

 To draw a texture, we need a mesh
Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
 So let’s drawis insufficient line spacing. This is the
read if there a textured rectangle mesh
 But how can we generate the rectangle mesh that
maximum recommended number of lines per slide fits?
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

7. Find Smallest Mesh Patch Covering It
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

8. Duplicate the Mesh Patch
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

9. And Draw
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

10. Two Traditional Solutions
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points resolution of underlying
1. (very easy) Increase the
 Bullets are blue
geometry
2. They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 (not so easy) Magically calculate correct UV for each
verts
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

11. 1. Wall with Many Verts
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

12. 2. Calculate to create a
Edit this textCorrect UVsHeading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 (-4.5, -3.2)
Bullets are blue (3.4, -3.2)
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
(0, 0)
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
(1, 1)
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven). 4)
(-4.5,
(3.4, 4)
 Sub bullets look like this

13. Still this text to
Edit Problems create a Heading
 This subtitle is resolution of underlying geometry
1. Increase the 20 points
– Slower blue
 Bullets areto iterate
– More memory foot print
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
2. Longer bullets in the area = tooparagraph are harder to
 Wasted rasterized form of a much overdraw
– Edge of textures must be transparent
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
– Wasted rasterized area = too much overdraw
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
– UV calculation is tricky with complex geometries
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

14. UV Calculation create a Heading
Edit this text to is Not Easy
 How subtitleyou points
 This would is 20
 calculate decals UVs
Bullets are blue
 from this statue? line spacing, 2 points before & after
They have 110%
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

15. Brilliant text to
Edit this Idea? create a Heading
 So you would 20 points
This subtitle isthink we made Screen Space Decal to
 solve theseblue
Bullets are problems?
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

16. Brilliant text to
Edit this Idea? create a Heading
 So you would 20 points
This subtitle isthink we made Screen Space Decal to
 solve theseblue
Bullets are problems?
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
NO.
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

17. Brilliant text to
Edit this Idea? create a Heading
 So you would 20 points
This subtitle isthink we made Screen Space Decal to
 solve theseblue
Bullets are problems?
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
NO.
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
 The old way was simply too hard for me….
(seven).
 But SSD ended up solving these problems. 
 Sub bullets look like this

18. Screen Space Decals a Heading
Edit this text to create(SSD)
 Similar techniques were
This subtitle is 20 points introduced by other developers
 in the recent years
Bullets are blue
  Deferred 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
They haveDecals (Jan Krassnigg, 2010)
 Volume Decals (Emil Persson, 2011)
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
 SSD was developed independently, but the
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
implementation details is very similar
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
 So a quick review
(seven).
 More on howlook like this
 Sub bullets we used SSD and solved the problems
with SSD

19. SSDs in text to create
Edit this Space Marine a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
Not just for FX
 It's literally used everywhere:
 Bullets are blue
 Blood splat on the wall or ground
 They havedecoration spacing, 2 points before & after
 Stone wall
110% line
 Longermark on concrete slate of a paragraph are harder to
 Burnt bullets in the form
 Ork there
read ifpainting is insufficient line spacing. This is the
 Rubble piles on the ground
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
 Bullet holes
(seven). damage
 Explosion
 ......and list goes on like this
 Sub bullets look
 Yup, environment artists loved it!

20. Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
SSD ON
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

21. Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
SSD OFF
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

22. Implementation Details
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
1. Draw underlying geometries onto scene
 Bullets are blue box
2. Rasterize a SSD
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
3. Read the scene depth for each pixel
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
4. Calculate 3D position from the depth
5. read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
If this position is outside of the SSD box, reject
6. maximum recommended number of decal per slide
Otherwise, draw the pixel with the lines texture
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

23. Edit This slide hasaa 16:9Scene
this text toGiven This media
create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

24. Edit This slideWant Heading
this text to create aato Draw This
We has 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

25. Edit This slide underlyingmedia window
this text to create aa 16:9 geometries
1. draw has Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

26. Edit This slide hasaa 16:9SSD Box
2. rasterizer a media window
this text to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

27. Edit This slide hasaa 16:9SSD Box
2. rasterizer a media window
this text to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110%not this!
No line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in want to use it as a
We the form of a paragraph are harder to
projection box
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

28. Edit3. read to create aa 16:9 for each pixel
This slide has depth media window
this text scene Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

29. 4. calculate 3D create a Heading
Edit this text toposition from depth
 This subtitle is 20 points
float2 screenPosition = clipPosition.xy / clipPosition.w;
 Bullets are blue
float2 depth_uv = screenPosition * float2(0.5f, -0.5f)
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
+ float2(0.5f, 0.5f);
depth_uv += ScreenDimension.zw;
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
Half-pixel Offset Basically
float sceneDepth = tex2D(DepthMap, depth_uv).r;
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This
is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
float4 scenePosView = float4(clipPosition.xy * sceneDepth
/ (Deproject.xy * clipPosition.w), -depth, 1);
(seven).
Deproject.X = ProjectionMatrix.M11;
 Sub bullets look like this
Deproject.Y = ProjectionMatrix.M22;

30. Edit Thisif outside a 16:9 media window
this text to create a of SSD box, reject
5. slide has Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points OUTSIDE
 Bullets are blue INSIDE
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
OUTSIDE
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

31. 5. if this text to create Heading
Edit outside of the SSDabox, reject
• Simply transform the position
 This subtitle is 20 points to object space
 Bullets are blue
• Then anything bigger than 0.5 is outside
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
position = mul(scenePosView, InvWorldView);
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
clip(0.5f - abs(position.xyz));
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

32. Edit This6. to create aa 16:9 media window
this text Otherwise, draw decal
slide has Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
// Decal Texture UV
(seven). float2 uv = position.xz;
 Sub bullets look like this += 0.5f;
uv

33. this text Now Lighting is Free
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
Without SSD
 Sub bullets look like this

34. this text Now Lighting is Free
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
With SSD
 Sub bullets look like this

35. thisandto create Heading is same
text combiner pass
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

36. thisandto create Heading is same
text combiner pass
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

37. thisandto create Heading is same
text combiner pass
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

38. Mix-n-Match
Edit this text to create a Heading
 Artists can choose not to
This subtitle is 20 points draw decals either in Gbuffer
 or combiner pass
Bullets are blue
 Another free gift from spacing, 2 points before & after
They have 110% line light-prepass renderer
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

39. this text to Gbuffer and Combiner
Both create Heading
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

40. Edit This slide hasaa Gbuffer
Only 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

41. this text to create Combiner
Only Heading
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

42. More Examples (both)
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

43. More Examples (both)
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

44. More Examples (GBuffer)
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

45. More Examples (GBuffer)
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

46. More Examples (Combiner)
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

47. More Examples (Combiner)
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

48. Artist Control
Edit this text to create a Heading
 Artists make *.ssdecal file,
 This subtitle is 20 points
 which is are blue
Bullets just an XML
 In level editor, artists can
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
drag and drop any SSD
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
 From there, it’s
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
WYSIWYG & tweakable
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
per instance
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

49. Problems & to Solutions
Edit this textOurcreate a Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
1. Alpha Blending
 Bullets are Objects
2. Dynamic blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
3. Side Stretching
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
4. Clipped Decals
5. read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
Performance
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

50. 1. Alpha text to create a Heading
Edit this Blending(Normal)
•
 Transparent objects in combiner pass are fine
This subtitle is 20 points
•
 Transparent objects in Gbuffer are NOT
Bullets are blue
 – Originally 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
They have just alpha test
– Later
 Longer enabled withthe form of a paragraph are harder to
bullets in Best Fit Normal by Crytek
– 3 months later, found a bug in our implementation of Best Fit
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
Normal: just same as our old normal buffer
maximum recommended numbernormal blending. So we are
– Artists never complained about weird
of lines per slide
(seven). it
still doing
– Mathematically wrong,this whatever
 Sub bullets look like but

51. 1. Alpha text to create a Heading
Edit this Blending(Spec Power)
•
 Alpha channel of points
This subtitle is 20Gbuffer is specular power
 Bullets are blue
•
 Cannot simply use normal alpha points before & after
They have 110% line spacing, 2 blending
 – alpha output from SSD shader
Longer bullets in the form ofisaused for RGB(normal) blending
paragraph are harder to
– Solution: Blend Factor!
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended =number of lines per slide
AlphaBlendFunction BlendFunction.Add;
AlphaSourceBlend
(seven). = Blend.BlendFactor;
AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha;
 Sub bullets look like this = ssd.SpecularPower / 255.0f;
BlendFactor

52. 1. Alpha Bleding(Spec Power)
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
this text to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

53. 1. Alpha Bleding(Spec Power)
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
this text to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven). Power = 128
 Sub bullets look like this

54. 1. Alpha Bleding(Spec Power)
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
this text to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue Power = 40
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven). Power = 128
 Sub bullets look like this

55. Edit This slideDynamic Objectswindow
2. has Heading
this text to create aa 16:9 media
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

56. Edit This slideDynamic Objectswindow
2. has Heading
this text to create aa 16:9 media
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

57. 2. Dynamic Objects
Edit this text to create a Heading
•
 We subtitle attached the
Thiscould’ve is 20 points decal on moving objects
•
 But skinned mesh(e.g, ork arms) is still a problem
Bullets are blue
•
 So we simply didn’t draw any 2 points dynamic objects
They have 110% line spacing,decals onbefore & after
•
 Used a simple stencil buffer a paragraph
Longer bullets in the form of technique are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

58. Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading Stencil
window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

59. Edit This slideDynamic Objectswindow
2. has Heading
this text to create aa 16:9 media
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

60. Edit This slide hasaa Stretching
this text to3. SideHeading
create 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

61. 3. Side Stretching
Edit this text to create a Heading
•
 Happens when SSD box’s
This subtitle is 20 points projection surface is not
 completely blue of underlying geometry
Bullets are inside

• They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
Tried different ways

• Longer bulletsdoing rejectiona paragraph are harder to
But ended up in the form of based on the angle
read if there is insufficient box and underlying normal
difference between decal line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
from GBuffer
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

62. Edit This slide hasaa Stretching
this text to3. SideHeading
create 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue 90 degree
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

63. 3. Side Stretching
Edit this text to create a Heading
 Anything above this
 This subtitle is 20 points
 degree are blue
Bullets will be clipped

 180 degree means no
They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 clippingbullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
Longer based on angle
 We found 60isdegree
read if there insufficient line spacing. This is the
works generally great number of lines per slide
maximum recommended
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

64. 3. Side Stretching
Edit this text to create a Heading
 This subtitle orientation In Vertex Shader:
1. Find box’s is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
output.Orientation = normalize(WorldView[1].xyz);
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
2. gNormalThreashold is cos(degree)
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
3. maximum recommended number of lines per slide
Read GBufferNormal and clip in Pixel Shader
(seven). normal = DecodeGBufferNormal( tex2D(
float3
GNormalMap, depth_uv ) );
 Sub bullets look like this
clip(dot(normal, orientation) - gNormalThreshold);

65. 3. Side Stretching
Edit this text to create a Heading
•
 Alternatives is tried instead of hard clip
This subtitle we20 points
 Bullets arefade away based on angle between box orientation and
– smoothly blue
 vertex normal: looks horrible on “round” pipes
They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 – smoothly fade in the form of a paragraph are harder to
Longer bullets away based on angle between box orientation and
Gbuffer normal
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
• makes everything a bit too faint for existing arts
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
• With noisy gbuffer, artists liked hard clip more
(seven).
• Still worth trying for your games
 Sub bullets look like this

66. 4. Clipped Decals
Edit this text to create a Heading
•
 Doesn’t happen often environment decals
This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets decals carefully placed for performance reason
– Thin are blue

• They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
Happens often with big FX explosion craters
 Longer bullets is insideformdecal box
– When camera in the of a of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
– No rasterization
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

67. this text4. Clipped Decal (OK)
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

68. this text4. Clipped Decal (OK)
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
to create Heading
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

69. this text to create Heading (BAD)
4. Clipped Decal
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

70. this text to create Heading (BAD)
4. Clipped Decal
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

71. 4. Clipped Decals(Solution)
Edit this text to create a Heading
•
 When camera 20 points
This subtitle is is colliding with a decal

• Bullets are blue
We draw backface with flipped z-test, instead
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
• Bad for Performance
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
– No Hi-Z 
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
– But mostly problem with FX number we have an slide
maximum recommended decals andof lines per“amazing” way
of solving this (see next slides)
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

72. Edit This slide hasaa (Drawing Backface)
4. this text to create Heading
Clipped Decal 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

73. Edit This slide hasaa (Drawing Backface)
4. this text to create Heading
Clipped Decal 16:9 media window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

74. 5. Performance
Edit this text to create a Heading
•
 Avoid rasterizing points
This subtitle is 20pixels that will be rejected

• Bullets are blue early-Z with flipped Z-test
Avoid turning off
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
• So basically make decals very thin
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
– Environmental Decals are easy to solve
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
– FX Decals are not so easy
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
• (seven). Space Marine always runs at 30+ FPS
As a result,
except bullets look Decals go crazy 
 Sub when FX like this

75. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
Two Sub bulletsdrawing this
 ways of look like this

76. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
Thick bullets look like this
 Sub

77. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
AndSub bullets look like this
 Thin

78. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
PS Operations Wasted
 Sub bullets look like this

79. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points of Orks throw explosive stuff
A lot
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

80. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
Which leaves large decals like this
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

81. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
Which leaves large decals like this
 Bullets are blue
Sometimes 5 of them
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points together after
stacked before &
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

82. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
Which leaves large decals like this
 Bullets are blue
Sometimes 5 of them
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points together after
stacked before &
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the passes
Almost 5 fullscreen
= only time we go down to
maximum recommended number FPS 25 of lines per slide
(seven).
Our Solution?
 Sub bullets look like this

83. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points THIS!
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

84. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points THIS!
 Bullets are blue So much overlay!
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 pointsSo many particles!
before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

85. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points THIS!
 Bullets are blue So much overlay!
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 pointsSo many particles!
before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
don’t even notice it’s slow!
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

86. 5. Performance
Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points THIS!
 Bullets are blue So much overlay!
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 pointsSo many particles!
before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
don’t even notice it’s slow!
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven). Was not intentional,
but saved us 
 Sub bullets look like this

87. Special text to
Edit thisThanks create a Heading
•
 Relic Entertainment for allowing me to present this
This subtitle is 20 points

• Bullets Marine rendering programmers
Space are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
• Space Marine artists for producing amazing content and
 Longer bulletsdo more work! a paragraph are harder to
pushing us to in the form of
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

88. References
Edit this text to create a Heading
• ENGEL, W. 2009, Designing
 This subtitle is 20 points a Renderer for Multiple Lights –
 The Light Pre-Pass Renderer. In ShaderX7: Advanced
Bullets are blue
Rendering Techniques, Charles River Media
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
• KAPLANYAN A. 2010, CryEngine 3: Reaching the Speed of
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
Light, Siggraph 2011
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
• KRASSNIGG, J. 2010. A Deferred Decallines per slide
maximum recommended number of Rendering
Technique. In Game Engine Gems 1, Jones and Barlett
(seven).
• PERSSON, E.look like this Decal. In GPU Pro 2, A K Peters
 Sub bullets 2011. Volume

89. Got this text to
Edit Questions?create a Heading
•
 More info on Space Marine rendering engine:
This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
http://www.popekim.com/2011/11/slides-rendering-
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
tech-of-space-marine.html
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
• read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
Twitter: @BlindRenderer
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
• E-mail: blindrenderer@gmail.com
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this

90. Edit This slide hasaa 16:9 media
this text to create Heading window
 This subtitle is 20 points
 Bullets are blue
 They have 110% line spacing, 2 points before & after
 Longer bullets in the form of a paragraph are harder to
read if there is insufficient line spacing. This is the
maximum recommended number of lines per slide
(seven).
 Sub bullets look like this