bacterial morphology

1. BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY,BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY,
METABOLISM & PHYSIOLOGYMETABOLISM & PHYSIOLOGY
By:By:
BRIJKISHOR PRAJAPATIBRIJKISHOR PRAJAPATI
PEOPLES COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES & RCPEOPLES COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES & RC
BHOPAL ( INDIA )BHOPAL ( INDIA )

2. ObjectivesObjectives
The student should be able to:The student should be able to:
 describe the typical bacterial cell based on size, shapedescribe the typical bacterial cell based on size, shape
and groupings.and groupings.
 determine the medical importance of certaindetermine the medical importance of certain
structural components in a bacterial cell.structural components in a bacterial cell.
 to discuss the appropriate staining procedure toto discuss the appropriate staining procedure to
demonstrate bacterial morphology and specialdemonstrate bacterial morphology and special
structures.structures.
 to perform the following staining techniquesto perform the following staining techniques
 Gram stainingGram staining
 Acid-Fast stainingAcid-Fast staining

3. ObjectivesObjectives
 Discuss the growth requirements of bacteriaDiscuss the growth requirements of bacteria
 Differentiate bacteria as to:Differentiate bacteria as to:
 source of carbonsource of carbon
 source of energysource of energy
 temperature requirementtemperature requirement
 oxygen requirementoxygen requirement
 Discuss the bacterial growth curveDiscuss the bacterial growth curve
 lag phaselag phase
 logarithmic phaselogarithmic phase
 stationary phasestationary phase
 death phasedeath phase

4. MicroscopeMicroscope
 Beam of lightBeam of light  Beam of electronBeam of electron

5. Bacterial MorphologyBacterial Morphology

6. Bacterial CellBacterial Cell
 ProkaryotesProkaryotes
 No true nucleusNo true nucleus
 No organellesNo organelles
 Divide-binary fissionDivide-binary fission

7. Parts of a CellParts of a Cell
 Cell envelopeCell envelope
 Cell wall- murein sacculusCell wall- murein sacculus
 OuterOuter
 Cell membrane-plasma membrane, cytoplasmicCell membrane-plasma membrane, cytoplasmic
membranemembrane
 CytoplasmCytoplasm
 NucleiodNucleiod
 RibosomesRibosomes
 Granules/inclusion bodiesGranules/inclusion bodies

8. Parts of a CellParts of a Cell
 SporesSpores
 plasmidsplasmids
 AppendagesAppendages
 CapsuleCapsule
 pilipili
 flagellaflagella

9. Cell wallCell wall
 PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan
 N acetyl glucosamine & N acetyl Muramic acidN acetyl glucosamine & N acetyl Muramic acid
 Protect the cell from osmotic changesProtect the cell from osmotic changes
 RigidityRigidity
 Multilayered in Gram positiveMultilayered in Gram positive
 Teichoic acidTeichoic acid
 Mono to bi layered in Gram negativeMono to bi layered in Gram negative

11. ..
 Outer membrane- gram negative onlyOuter membrane- gram negative only
 2 layers of lipids2 layers of lipids
 Inner layer-phospholipidsInner layer-phospholipids
 Outer layer- LipopolysaccharideOuter layer- Lipopolysaccharide
 3 regions3 regions
 Lipid ALipid A
 Core polysaccharideCore polysaccharide
 O antigenO antigen

13.  Transmembrane proteinsTransmembrane proteins
 PorinsPorins
 Integral proteinsIntegral proteins
 viabilityviability

14. Cytoplasmic MembraneCytoplasmic Membrane
 Lipid bi layerLipid bi layer
 Selective permeabilitySelective permeability
 Site of ATP productionSite of ATP production
 ViabilityViability

15. CytoplasmCytoplasm
 NucleiodNucleiod
 Chromosomal DNAChromosomal DNA
 PlasmidsPlasmids
 Inclusion bodiesInclusion bodies
 Storage of excess food and energyStorage of excess food and energy
 Metachromatic granules/ Babes ernst granulesMetachromatic granules/ Babes ernst granules
 Much granuleMuch granule
 SporesSpores
 Resist adverse conditionResist adverse condition
 Ribosome- 70s- 50s & 30sRibosome- 70s- 50s & 30s

16.  CapsuleCapsule
 PolysaccharidePolysaccharide
 AntiphagocyticAntiphagocytic
 antigenicantigenic
 VirulenceVirulence
 PiliPili
 Common pili- fimbriaeCommon pili- fimbriae
 Sex pili- conjugationSex pili- conjugation
 antigenicantigenic

17.  FlagellaFlagella
 LocomotionLocomotion
 antigenicantigenic

18. MetabolismMetabolism
 Glucose catabolismGlucose catabolism
 EMP pathwayEMP pathway
 HMPHMP
 Etner duodoroffEtner duodoroff
 TCATCA
 ETCETC

19.  FermentationFermentation
 Homolactic fermentationHomolactic fermentation
 Heterolactic fermentationHeterolactic fermentation
 Mixed acid fermentationMixed acid fermentation

20. Peptidoglycan synthesisPeptidoglycan synthesis

21. PhysiologyPhysiology
 Nutritional requirementNutritional requirement
 CarbonCarbon
 LithotropicLithotropic
 HeterotrophicHeterotrophic
 NitrogenNitrogen
 Inorganic ionsInorganic ions
 Growth factorsGrowth factors

22.  Physical RequirementsPhysical Requirements
 OxygenOxygen
 Superoxide dismutaseSuperoxide dismutase
 CatalaseCatalase
 Redox potentialRedox potential
 TemperatureTemperature
 PhPh
 Osmotic conditionOsmotic condition

23. Bacterial growth cycleBacterial growth cycle
Lag
Stationary
death
log
No of
viable
cell
time