Being a digital open networked scholar for learning, research and teaching

BEING A DIGITAL OPEN
NETWORKED SCHOLAR FOR
LEARNING, RESEARCH &
TEACHING
By Carina van Rooyen
Presentation to UJ Anthro and DEV on 28 October 2015

–Helen Beetham, JISC
“The digital is beginning to permeate our
academic life, as print did in the
Renaissance ...digital literacy is about being
aware of the vast array of resources available
and being able to choose the most useful tool”

–Pearce, Weller, Scanlon et al 2010
“digital networks play a role in enabling the
construction of unprecedented forms of
academic writing, scholarly reputation, peer
review, research collaboration and even
alternative metrics of scholarly production. The
individual researchers experiencing networked
activities in the open Web are also exposed to an
extended culture of sharing, beyond the
discipline- and institution-bounded conventions
and constraints.”

OPEN EDUCATION
Open scholarship
Open access
Open licensing
Open education practices
Open education resources
Open source
Open data
Open research
Open science
Open web
Open knowledge
Source: Czerniewicz 2012a
http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/opensourceway/5535034664/sizes/o/in/photostream/

Source: http://media.coindesk.com/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-20-at-12.12.46.png

Emerging roles & skills sets
Changing research dissemination strategies
Changing research itself (e.g., digital humanities, data mining, etc.)
Changing libraries
Enabling a ‘culture of contribution’
Online content can be
changed
annotated
commented on
updated
interacted with
New technical areas (aggregration, analytics, etc.)
Academic ‘reputation management’
Source: Czerniewicz 2012a

Source: Cormier & Stewart 2015

“Connecting beyond content”
–Dave Cormier & Bonnie Stewart
Source: http://bonstewart.com/

Skill is king/ queen!
X
Source: http://www.webdesignsingapore.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/seo-content-is-
king.jpg

Digital ﬂuencies & literacies
Source: http://www.socialens.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/20110205_socialens_literacy_ﬂuency.png

Source: http://www.sloveniatimes.com/modules/uploader/uploads/Aktualno/Podobe1/socialmedia.jpg

Use of Facebook by scholars taking part in Nature survey
Source:VanNoorden2014

Use of ResearchGate by scholars taking part in Nature survey

Use of Twitter by scholars taking part in Nature survey

Source:http://www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1737

HEMALI ON USING
TWITTER IN TEACHING

Scholarship!
The knowledge creation & dissemination cycle
Conceptualisation
Data collection
Data analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Source:Czerniewicz2012a

Elements at each stage of
research cycle
!   Social relations
!   Audiences/users
!   Scholar-scholar; Scholar-student;
Scholar-community (industry,
government, community)
!   Forms of communication

Traditional scholarship: !
the way we have been
Conceptualisati
on
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Conceptual frameworks
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar

Conceptualisati
on
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Individual
Private

Conceptualisati
on
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar

Not in a shareable form
Possibly not digitised

Conceptualisati
on
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Stable authoritative
text-based versions

Conceptualisati
on
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Clearly deﬁned
audiences

Conceptualisati
on
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Expensive textbooks
Online resources
access limited to
course students only

Changes in communication:
communication occurs throughout
the research cycle, not at the end

Conceptualisati
on
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Individual
Private
Shared and
shareable
E.g., social
bookmarking

Conceptualisation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Not in a shareable
form
Possibly not digitised
Data not curated
Scholars collect data
Linked data
Curated data
Shareable data
Text mining
Big data
Digital humanities
Crowd sourcing
data collection & analysis

21
Open%sharing%of%data%&%shared%analysis%

Conceptualisati
on
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Literature reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
ﬁndings

Dynamic multimodal
versions, the rise of
rich media
New types of journals:“enhanced
publication”
Rise of open access
Journal publishing changing
E.g. PLOS One model
Stable authoritative
text-based versions

Upload presentations
Source:Czerniewicz2012b

audiences & dissemination
Conceptuali
sation
Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Findings
Engagemen
t
Translation
Conceptual Frameworks
Literature Reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Student
Community
Scholar
Clearly demarcated
audiences
Online content
available to all
Digital scholarship: "
what is happening now

Conceptuali
sation
Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Findings
Engagemen
t
Translation
Literature Reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
what is happening
Rise of open
education
resources, open
etextbooks
Clearly deﬁned
audiences
Changing
audiences (e.g.,
life long
learners, global
reach)
Access to all
types of
resources

Conceptuali
sation
Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Findings
Engagemen
t
Translation
Literature Reviews
Bibliographies
Proposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles
Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
what is happening now
Expensive textbooks
Online resources
limited to course
students only
Rise of open
education resources,
open etextbooks,
open lectures, etc.
Dynamic content
One to many
Many to many
engagement
Engagement & translation
Emergence of
ALT metrics
(use, downloads,
citations, etc.)

Traditional research communication cycle

Changing research communication cycle

Attitudes to openness online
(Czerniewicz & Kell 2014)
• Culturally informed sense of personal modesty (not wanting to call attention to
themselves)
• Ambivalence about the quality of their research (“being exposed”)
• Anxiety about having no control over how they might be represented on the
internet
• Worry that others may steal their ideas/data (especially if still in gestational
form)
• Fear of offending their research subjects, many of whom they might continue
to encounter
• Concern for damaging one’s own reputation and can inﬂuence your future
prospects
• Minimalist communications strategy
• Teaching- rather than research-oriented approach to scholarship (which speaks
to one’s sense of academic identity, as a ‘teacher’ rather than a ‘researcher’)

Issue of self-promotion
Blurring of personal & professional (privacy issues)
Implications of careless use of social media
• Cautious about content
Time pressure
Target of attack
Speed of social media both its draw card, and a challenge
(Source: Lupton 2014)
Using social media

Source: http://msrayspsychicepisodes.ﬁles.wordpress.com/2013/06/i-need-an-expert-
advice-600x420.jpg

• Accessible - free, equitable
• Digital etiquette - cyberbullying, ﬂaming
• Privacy and conﬁdentiality issues
• Intellectual property rights, licences, plagiarism
• Archiving online work
• Useful guide at http://www.edudemic.com/the-
students-guide-to-proper-social-media-etiquette/
When using SM with students

Take control
• Digital footprint: content you create
• Digital shadow: content created about you
• Amount of information that individuals create
themselves (digital footprint) is far less than the
amount being generated about them (digital
shadow)

What is your digital shadow?

1. Assess yourself
!   Regular Google searches
!   On-going Google alerts of your name
!   Measure your digital footprint
!   Altmetric
!   Impactstory
!   Also services such as Web of Knowledge or
Scopus for scholarly publications & citations

Analyse the results
!   How many of the results are relevant?
!   What types of results come up?
!   Are all of them from your institutions?
!   Publications?
!   Online proﬁles?
!   If the results are obviously nothing to do with you,
would that be obvious to someone else looking for
you?
!   Consider what you would like to appear
Source: Czerniewicz 2012b

2. Your profile/s
!   Profiles: Personal and/or institutional
!   Decide on a main profile
!   Improve and maintain it
!   Link the others
Adapted from Czerniewicz 2012b

3. Improve output availability

.ﬂickr.com/photos/87913776@N00/5129607997CC-BY

Go as open as you can
!   Put journal articles you can online
!   Check out Sherpa Romeo for publisher archiving policies
!   Archive
!   in repositories
!   in subject portals and aggregators
!   Publish in open access journals
!   Majority of studies have shown an increase in citations arising
from open access
!   Of the 35 studies surveyed, 27 have shown a citations advantage (the %
increase ranges from 45% increase to as high as 600%), 4 showing no
advantage (Swan A (2010) The Open Access Citation Advantage: Studies
and Results to Date. Available at http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/)
!   Open everything – all scholarly output possible
(teaching, popular, etc.)

Check the self-archiving agreement of
existing journal articles

Archive in open access repositories

Publish in open access journals

Upload videos & podcasts

Keywords & tags
!   Take metadata seriously
!   Metadata refers to information that describes,
explains, locates and otherwise makes it easier to
retrieve, use or manage digital information
!   Add tags, keywords or descriptions to a ﬁle you
upload

4. Communicate &
connect
!   Curate
!   Twitter as hub of PLN
!   Blog
!   Single-authored or multiple-author blog (e.g., LSE
blogs)?
!   What blog about: updates on research, interesting
links, commentary on current events, reports from
conferences / seminars / book launch, repost from
other blogs, thematic post with other bloggers
!   Who are you blogging for?

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2011/09/26/
blogging-to-print/

Some sources
• Academics’ online presence: A four step guide to taking
control of your visibility. http://openuct.uct.ac.za/sites/
default/ﬁles/Online%20Visibility%20Guidelines.pdf
• How to curate your digital identity as an academic. http://
chronicle.com/article/How-to-Curate-Your-Digital/
151001/?cid=at&utm_source=at&utm_medium=en
• Open content licensing: A three step guide for academics.
By OpenUCT. http://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/
11427/12937/WillmersOpenLicensing2015.pdf?
sequence=3

• Using Twitter in university research, teaching, and
impact activities: A guide for academics and
researchers. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/
impactofsocialsciences/2011/09/29/twitter-guide/
• List of academic tweeters by subject area. http://
blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/
2011/09/02/academic-tweeters-your-suggestions-
in-full/

• Cormier D & Stewart B 2014 Connecting beyond content: Education in abundance. Presentation to
#mootca15. http://www.slideshare.net/bonstewart/connecting-beyond-content-education-in-
abundance?from_action=save
• Czerniewicz L 2012a The changing scholarly communication and content landscape. Presentation to
CHEC Board on 3 May
• Czerniewicz L 2012b Academics’ online presence: Assessing & sharing your visibility. Presentation in
September
• Czerniewicz L & Kell C 2014 A framework for analysing research types and practices. Presentation to
the 9th International conference on networked learning
• Davis V 2014 Innovate like-a-turtle: The mindset, tools and teaching tips to make this the best year ever.
http://www.slideshare.net/coolcatteacher/innovate-likeaturtle-phms-mega-awesome-school-opener
• Johnson L, Adams Becker S, Estrada V & Freeman A 2015 NMC Horizon Report: 2015 Higher education
edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium
• Lupton D 2014 ‘Feeling better connected’: Academics’ use of social media. http://
www.canberra.edu.au/faculties/arts-design/attachements/pdf/n-and-mrc/Feeling-Better-Connected-
report-ﬁnal.pdf
• Stewart B 2014 Networked scholars & …authentic inﬂuence? Presentation at #elearninged at the
University of Edinburgh
• Van Noorden R 2014 Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network. Nature http://
www.nature.com/news/online-collaboration-scientists-and-the-social-network-1.15711?
WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews
References

Being a digital open networked scholar for learning, research and teaching

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