Notes Cell Organelles

1. CELL NOTES

2. CELL NOTESOrganisms - living creatures. Any life form
that can survive on its own.
Organ systems - made up of organs - work
together to make an organism function.
Example: digestive system
Organs - made up of tissues - work together
to make organ systems function.
Example: stomach made of muscle tissue
and skin tissue

3. Tissues - made up of cells - work together to
make organs function. Example: skin tissue
made up of different kinds of skin cells.
Cells are microscopic - too small to be seen without
a microscope.
Every living thing has at least one cell.
Humans are made of almost 100 trillion cells.
If a single cell can live on its own, it is called a
unicellular organism.

4. Humans are multicellular organisms.
Cell Theory:
1. Every living thing is made up of one or
more cells.
2. The cell is the smallest, most basic unit
of life in all living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.

5. Prokaryotic Cells
• Cells that do not
have a nucleus
• Another name for
prokaryotic cells is
Bacteria
• ONLY unicellular –
never multicelluar

6. Eukaryotic Cells
• Cells that DO have a
nucleus
• Most eukaryotic cells
belong to multicellular
organisms
• There are some
unicellular eukaryotes
(amoeba, euglena,
paramecium)

7. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
No Nucleus Nucleus
No Membrane – covered
Organelles
Membrane – covered
Organelles
Circular DNA (in a circle) Linear DNA (in a line)
Bacteria
100 x smaller than
eukaryotes
All other cells
100 x bigger than
prokaryotes

10. CELL MEMBRANE
• Keeps good stuff in (nutrients, water), and bad stuff out (waste,
toxins, viruses, bacteria).
• Made from lipids (phospholipid bilayer)
no, you
don’t
have to
draw
this
picture

13. Cell Membrane
Honors students – it’s framed in yellow – so yes – I want you
to draw it (and label it). Traditional 7th grade students – you
can draw and label it too – but it’s optional – you don’t have to.

14. Cell Wall
• Hard Wall made of
cellulose.
• Rigid & Stiff
• Provides strength &
support to cell
• Only in plant and bacteria
cells.
• Small holes, called
plasmodesmata, allow
transfer of nutrients,
waste, and water.

15. NUCLEUS
• Is the control center of the cell
• Stores information (DNA) on how to run the cell and
build new structures.
• Largest Organelle in the cell
No, don’t copy this picture

16. • Machine that reads RNA strand and builds proteins
by assembling amino acids.
• Proteins are the building blocks for all structures
built in the cell.
• Ribosomes are also called“Protein Factories”
• Ribosomes are the smallest organelles in the
cell
No, don’t copy this picture
Yes, copy this picture

17. Ribosomes
• Honors – draw and label!

18. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Smooth E.R. breaks down toxins, and makes lipids which
are used for membranes. Doesn’t have ribosomes.
• Rough E.R. has ribosomes, and packages proteins for
release from the cell.
• Rough E.R. is an “Assembly line” that constructs &
transports proteins
No, don’t copy this picture, but copy this one!

19. Rough E.R. (endoplasmic reticulum)

20. Model of how proteins are made and shipped out of the cell.
Rough
E.R. Exocytosis
(cell burps
out proteins)
Nuclear pore
Ribosome
Secretor
y vesicle
Cell membrane
Expelled protein
Nucleus
Golgi
Transpor
t Vesicle
with
proteins
insideProteins
Smooth
E.R.

21. MITOCHONDRIA
• The Powerhouse of the cell
• Uses oxygen and food (glucose) to make ATP
• ATP = energy (Adenosine triphosphate)
• Cellular respiration happens here.
No, don’t copy this picture Yes, draw this picture
One mitochondrion

22. ATP SYNTHASE
No,
you
don’t
have
to
draw
this

23. ATP SYNTHASE – hundreds of these machines in each mitochondrion CLICK FOR LINK

24. • Make food using the energy from the sun.
• Change H2O & CO2 to C6H12O6 (glucose)
• Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
ChloroplastsLook! A
chloroplast!
Inner &
Outer
Membranes
Thylakoids
Lamellae
Stroma

25. Chloroplasts
• Make food using the energy from the sun.
• Change H2O & CO2 to C6H12O6 (glucose)
• Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

26. • Processes & transports materials out of the cell.
• Places a new coating of lipid membrane on the materials.
• “Packaging center” of the cell

27. • Stores water, minerals & other fluids.
• Only found in plant cells – never in animal cells.
Central
Vacuole

28. Central Vacuole

29. • Membrane covered storage containers
• Formed when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object
& pinches it off.
any kind of cargo:
food, waste,
protein
molecules...

30. • Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts &
foreign invaders.
digestive
enzymes

31. All cells only plant
cells haveCell Membranes
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes
Vesicles
E.R. (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Cytoskeleton
Cell Walls
Central Vacuole
Chloroplasts

32. Animal Cell

34. • Future test questions.... answer in complete
sentences.
• What are organelles?
• What are three differences between plant
cells and animal cells?
• What are four differences between eukaryotic
cells and prokaryotic cells?