Circulatory System - Organs and Functions Types of Body Circulation Heartbeat, Pulse, Blood pressure

1. Circulatory System
Body’s Transport System

2. Highway

4. Traffic Congestions

5. Circulation
- movement of blood through the
body
- transport of food, water and
oxygen to the cells of the body
- transport of wastes produced by the cells
- protection
- transport of hormones
- regulates body temperature
- contains cell fragments & proteins

6. Circulatory System

7. Blood
- is a body fluid that delivers
necessary substances to cells
of the body
- transports waste product
from the cells
- carries hormones
- carries components that protect the human microbial
body from invaders/ infections
- consists 2 parts: Plasma (liquid part)
Blood cells (solid/cellular components)

8. Blood

9. Plasma
- is the yellow liquid component of blood in
which blood cells float
- 90% water and comprises 50 to 60% of the
blood; 10% solid material
- transports hormones that signals body activities
- transports blood cells
- carries food and oxygen to the cells
- picks up wastes materials
- contains antibodies – protect and defend the body
from infection

10. Blood Cells

11. Red Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
- also known as erythrocytes
(air-RIT-roh-sights)
- small, round, disc-shaped cells
that are thinned out in the center
- elastic – can be squeezed out of
shaped
- so small that 75 billion can fit into a tube with a
diameter of 2.5 cm
- forms in the bone marrow
- contains more than 200 million molecules of
hemoglobin

13. Red Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
- delivers oxygen to the body
tissues and cells
- picks up waste materials and
carbon dioxide from cells
- normally between 4.5 to 5.5
million of RBCs per cubic
millimeter in the blood.

14. White Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
- also known as leukocytes
(LEW-koh-sights)
- have large, purplish-staining
nucleus; named for clear,
whitish appearance of their
cytoplasm
- wandering cells in the blood
- circulate in the bloodstream & have nothing to do with
the delivery of food and oxygen
- protect the body against foreign-invading substances
- true cells having their own nuclei – big or more than 1

15. White Blood Cells/ Corpuscles
- fewer in number than red blood
cells – 5,000 to 10,000 per
cubic millimeter of blood
- 2 General groups:
1. Phagocytes
- engulf foreign substances and provide non-
specific immunity
2. Lymphocytes
- produce antibodies to attack body enemies and
provide specific immunity

16. White Blood Cells/ Corpuscles

17. Platelets
- also known as thrombocytes
(THRAHM-buh-sights)
- irregularly-shaped colorless
bodies present in the blood
- little plate-like fragments of
disintegrated bone marrow
– fragments of sticky surfaces
- 1/3 of the size of the RBCs
- scattered in small groups throughout the plasma
- membrane bound cell fragments without nuclei
- 250,000 to 500,000 per cubic millimeter of blood

18. Platelets
- contain and release a substance
called thromboplastin
– a type of protein
needed for blood
clotting
- helps to plug leaks in broken capillary walls

22. Blood Vessels
- network of channels that
circulate blood throughout the
body & help keep the blood
flowing to and from the heart
3 Kinds of Blood Vessels:
1. Artery
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

23. Arteries
- have thick mascular walls
- carry oxygenated blood away
from your heart to the
different parts of the body
- are heavy, strong tubes with
elastic muscular walls
– largest artery in the body is the
aorta
- every time your heart beats, your blood rushes through these
large arteries. Blood coming from ventricles of your heart is under
great pressure. Because of their elasticity, expand and absorb a
part of this great pressure.

24. Artery
Pulse – steady beating which is brought about
the flow of blood that is being pumped
through the arteries
Every pulse beat is normally also a beat of the heart.
- Arterial walls are thicker than veins
- Blood passing through them exerts more pressure
- also lie deeper in body to provide added support

27. Veins
- have thinner muscular walls
- carry deoxygenated blood to
the heart
- blood moves slower in veins
– blood in veins appear darker
because it has lost oxygen
- walls are more delicate but
wider
- inside these vessels are valves that allow blood to travel in one
direction only. If the blood starts to go backwards, the valve close

29. Capillaries
- thin & delicate walls that are
only one cell thick
- blood cells travel through
capillaries in a single file
- only slight bigger in diameter
than red blood cells
- are where the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
food and wastes take place between the blood and body
cells

32. Heart
- a hollow organ about the
size of a clenched fist
- is a muscular organ that is
about as large as your
fist
- located at the center of the
chest between your lung &
above the diaphragm
- pumps blood throughout the body
- made of cardiac muscle

33. Chambers of the Heart
• Right and Left Atrium
– chambers in the top half of the heart
– receive/ collecting blood returning to the
heart
RA – venous deoxygenated blood from your
body
LA – receives red oxygenated blood from your
lungs

34. Chambers of the Heart

35. Chambers of the Heart
• Right and Left Ventricles
– lower half of the heart which is thick-walled
– pumps blood away from the heart
RV – pumps blue venous blood out of your
heart and into the lungs for oxygenation
LV – pumps oxygenated blood out of your
heart to all parts of the body
- larger and more muscular than your RV

36. Chambers of the Heart

37. Chambers of the Heart
• Pericardium
- protective membrane surrounding the
whole muscular organ.
• Septum
– a thick tissue wall separates the two sides of
the heart
– prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
from mixing

38. Chambers of the Heart

39. Valves of the Heart
– is a thin flap of tissue
– acts like a one-way door, moving blood in a single
direction
– flow from atria to the ventricles
4 Valves:
1. Tricuspid valve – between the RA & RV
2. Bicuspid/ mitral valve – between the LA & LV
3. Pulmonary semilunar valve – between the RV
and the pulmonary artery
4. Aortic semilunar valve – between the LV & the
aorta

40. Valves of the Heart

41. Heartbeat, Pulse,
Blood Pressure
• Heartbeat
– is the rhythm of your heart pumping blood
lub-dub sound
- is made by your valves opening and closing
lub – when the valves between atria & ventricles
snap shut
dub – when the valves between ventricles & blood
vessels snap shut

42. Heartbeat, Pulse,
Blood Pressure

43. Heartbeat, Pulse,
Blood Pressure
• Pulse
– is the alternating
expansion and
relaxation of the artery
wall caused by the
contraction of the LV
Number of artery pulses
= number of heart beat

44. Heartbeat, Pulse,
Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure
– a measure of how much pressure is exerted
against the vessel walls by the blood.
Systole (SIS-tuh-lee)
- the contraction of the ventricles brought about
by the lub sound.
- contraction of the heart, causes the blood
pressure to rise to its highest point.

45. Heartbeat, Pulse,
Blood Pressure
Diastole (di-AS-tuh-lee)
- is the relaxation phase or the dub sound.
- relaxation of the heart, brings the pressure
down to its lowest point.
A normal blood pressure reading for a healthy
person is a reading below 120 (systolic pressure)/
80 (diastolic pressure)

46. Atria &Ventricular Contraction
Atria Contraction
 Sinoatrial node (SA node)
- small group of cardiac muscle fibers located
in the right atrium
- “sets the pace” for the heart - pacemaker
- SA node fires – an electrical impulse spreads
through the entire network of muscle fibers
in the atria and atria contracts

47. Atria &Ventricular Contraction

48. Atria &Ventricular Contraction
Ventricles Contraction
 Atrioventricular node (AV node)
- picked up the impulse from SA node
- impulse is delayed for a fraction of a second
while the atria contract and pump blood to
the ventricles
- produces impulses that spread through the
ventricles and cause contraction which
pumps blood out of the heart.

49. Atria &Ventricular Contraction

50. Atria &Ventricular Contraction

51. Atria &Ventricular Contraction

52. • Pulmonary
Circulation
– Involves the
lungs as oxygen
supplier and
carbon dioxide
absorber
– also known as
right-heart
circulation
Body Circulations

53. • Pulmonary
Circulation
– Right side of the
heart pumps
deoxygenated
blood from heart
to the lungs
– Carbon dioxide
diffuses from
blood
Body Circulations

54. • Pulmonary
Circulation
– Oxygen is
absorbed by the
blood then flows
to the left side of
the heart
Body Circulations

55. • Systemic
Circulation
– Involves the
heart, the blood
vessels and all
body parts
– also known as
left-heart
circulation
Body Circulations

56. • Systemic
Circulation
– Left side of the
heart pumps
oxygenated blood
to the rest of the
body
– Cells absorb much
of oxygen & load
the blood with
carbon dioxide
Body Circulations

57. • Systemic
Circulation
– Deoxygenated
blood returns to
the right side of
heart then to the
lungs to pick up
oxygen
Body Circulations

58. • Coronary
Circulation
– Heart is fed by
blood passing
through its own
coronary arteries
– CA connected
to capillaries to
the coronary
veins leading to
the RA
Body Circulations

59. • Coronary
Circulation
– Heart is fed by
blood passing
through its own
coronary arteries
– CA connected
to capillaries to
the coronary
veins leading to
the RA
Body Circulations

60. • Renal
Circulation
– blood moves in
the renal
arteries leading
to the kidney
– blood returns
to heart through
the inferior
vena cava
Body Circulations

61. • Portal
Circulation
– Involves an
extensive
system of veins
that lead from
spleen, stomach
pancreas, small
intestine and
colon
Body Circulations

62. • Portal
Circulation
– Veins unite to
form the hepatic
portal vein
which enters
the liver
Body Circulations

63. Body Circulations