Basketball

1. Basketball
Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot
a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) high mounted to a backboard at
each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.[1]
A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A field goal
scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three-point
line, and three points (known commonly as a 3 pointer or three) if the player is behind the three-point
line. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be
issued when the game ends with a draw. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while
walking or running or throwing it to a team mate. It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball, to
carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.
Violations are called "fouls". A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an
offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A technical foul may also be issued when certain
infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach. A
technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team also retains possession of the
ball.
As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has specialized
player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning). Typically, the tallest
members of a team will play "center", "power forward" or "small forward" positions, while shorter
players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play "point guard" or "shooting
guard".
Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to
score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.[1]
It has been a part of the
official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964.
The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams
begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from
behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving
team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but
individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to
set up for an attack,an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is
unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court.
The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either (1): a team
makes a kill,grounding the ball on the opponent's court and winning the rally; or (2): a team commits a
fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, and serves the ball to start the
next rally. A few of the most common faults include:
 causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents' court or without first passing
over the net;
 catching and throwing the ball;
 double hit:two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player;
 four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team;
 net foul: touching the net during play;
 foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving.
The ball is usually played with the hands or arms,but players can legally strike or push (short contact) the
ball with any part of the body.
A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking (because
these plays are made above the top of the net, the vertical jump is an athletic skill emphasized in the
sport) as well as passing,setting,and specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures.
Football
Association football,commonly known as football or soccer,is a sport played between two teams of
eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it
the world's most popular sport.[1][2][3][4]
The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.
The object of the game is to score by using any part of the body besides the arms and hands to get the
football into the opposing goal.
The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play
and then only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may
use their head or torso to strike the ball instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the
match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into
extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game
were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is
governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French:
Fédération Internationale de Football Association) which organises a World Cup every four years.

2. RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD AND
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ACT OF 2012
The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (Republic Act No.
10354), informally known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH Law, is a law in the
Philippines, which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, fertility control,
sexual education, and maternal care.
While there is general agreement about its provisions on maternal and child health, there is great
debate on its mandate that the Philippine government and the private sector will fund and
undertake widespread distribution of family planning devices such as condoms, birth control
pills, and IUDs, as the government continues to disseminate information on their use through all
health care centers.
Passage of the legislation was controversial and highly divisive, with experts, academics,
religious institutions, and major political figures declaring their support or opposition while it
was pending in the legislature. Heated debates and rallies both supporting and opposing the RH
Bill took place nationwide.
The Supreme Court delayed implementation of the law in March 2013 in response to challenges.
As of August 18 this delay was still in force "until further orders".
FAMILY PLANNING IN THE PHILIPPINES
The FP Program has been implemented for about 38 years which started from a demographic
perspective to a health intervention oriented program.
In 1970's to mid-80's, PFPP started as a family planning service delivery component to achieve
fertility reduction to a contraceptive-oriented approach. During 1986 to 1992, the program was
reoriented from mere fertility reduction to a health intervention by improving the health of
women and children. In 1993 to 1997 - the family planning program underwent another shift that
emphasized integration with other RH programs giving importance of recognizing choice and
rights of FP users. This shift was in line with the country's commitments made in the
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), held in Cairo in 1994 and the
Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995.
In 1998 to present - the Philippines has adopted and developed an RH policy and framework
with the goal of providing universal access to RH services with family planning as the flagship
program.
Implicit in this last condition is the right of men and women to be informed and to have access to
safe, effective, affordable, and acceptable methods of family planning of their choice, and the
right of access to appropriate health-care services that will enable women to go safely through
pregnancy and childbirth and provide couples with and the freedom to decide if, when, and how
often to do so.