ENBE FINAL PROJECT REPORT PROPOSAL TOWN

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CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. A TOWN 4 - 6
3. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION ~ Ancient City 7 - 11
4. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION ~ Present City 12 – 15
5. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION ~ Future City 16 - 18
6. RADON ~ TOWN OF EDUCATION THROUGH SUSTAINABILITY 19 - 27
7. CONCLUSION 28
8. REFERENCES 29 - 30

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INTRODUCTION
As the final ELEMENTS OF NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT project,
we are given a task to propose a new town that is being crowded. Being
the mayor of the town, we students have to propose the new town
layout very quickly. The town has to be able to provide the sustainability
for the people and also for the future.
Students are given few choices in choosing a theme to create a new
town or by re-enhancing a current town. Such as, a town with a lake, a
town on a small island, a town with a river flowing right through the
town, a town next to the sea or estuary.
So for this task, we have to conduct vigorous research online and
research on books to know the type of grid systems that are suitable. At
the same time, for a proper urban town planning, we have to consider
zonings of the town, activities, transportation and networking
infrastructure and sustainable initiatives for better living.

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A TOWN
DEFINITION
/toun/
noun: town; plural noun: towns
an urban area that has a name, defined boundaries, and local government, and that
is generally larger than a village and smaller than a city.
A BRIEF HISTORY
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size
definition for what constitutes a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the
world.
In Chile, towns (Spanish: pueblos) are defined by the National Statistics Institute (INE)
as an urban entity with a population from 2001 to 5000 or an area with a population
from 1001 to 2000 and an established economic activity.
In Australia, towns or "urban centre localities" are commonly understood to be those
centers of population not formally declared to be cities and having a population in
excess of about 200 people.[2] Centers too small to be called towns are generally
understood to be a township.
In addition, some local government entities are officially styled as towns in
Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory, and before the state-wide
amalgamations of the 1990s in Victoria some local government entities were styled

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as towns, but now towns are only localities that contain an urban centre with a
population greater than 200.
WHAT MAKES A TOWN?
A basic town are made up of these aspects :
~ Having a good government administration.
~ Basic needs of sources – efficient electricity, food and water supplies
~ Proper infrastructures – road, sewage systems, proper lightings.
~ Management of segregations for the people.
WHAT MAKES A GOOD TOWN?
A SUSTAINABLE TOWN makes it a good town including these as well :
~ The atmosphere. Not all small town atmospheres are created alike.
~ A busy downtown with lots of folksy-type stuff going on all the time.
~ A desire to meet the challenge of transitioning to renewable energy.
~ Basic transportation for mobility of people.
~ Well organized zonings that equally separates the town and its environment.
~ Civilization of the people in the town as adjacent to the future.
~ Culture of the town that has established well.
~ Waste are recycled and used as resources that does not extinct.

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WHAT IS THE FUTURE TOWN?
As mentioned above, all the criteria falls into one to make a future town. Whether it
is being in the process to be successful or not, a town DOES become SUSTAINABLE
when it has all those criteria fulfilled.
As an example, THE SAFE HOUSE.
A basic model for a disaster resistant, low cost housing solution, that rather than just
being a low carbon build, will actually be prepared for the results of climate change
as well. It is becoming very clear that we are already too late to prevent climate
change from wreaking havoc on communities all over the world, from the floods in
the Philippines which killed thousands of people, to the US big freeze this winter and
the series of Jet Stream movements that have brought extreme weather to the UK on

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four occasions in the last ten years. It also sets out other disaster resistant features
such as Earthquake resilience.
INVESTIGATION & DATA
COLLECTION
ANCIENT CITY
Mohenjo-Daro was discovered in 1922 by R. D. Banerji,
an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India, two years after major excavations
had begun at Harappa, some 590 km to the north. Large-scale excavations were
carried out at the site under the direction of John Marshall, K. N. Dikshit, Ernest
Mackay, and numerous other directors through the 1930s.
Mohenjo-Daro was a city located in the south of Modern Pakistan in the Sindh
Province, on the right bank of the Indus River. It was built between four and five

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thousand years ago, and lasted until 3,700 BP. It was part of the Harrapan Civilization,
and at its peak, the city had at least 35,000 residents.
This was a sophisticated society with a wide-ranging diet that consisted of meat from
both wild and domesticated animals and a variety of cultivated wheat, barley, peas
and lentils – a huge step forward in human progression from the nomadic hunter-
gatherers.
Mohenjo-Daro was one of the largest centers of the Indus Valley Civilizations,
experiencing the transition from Stone-age to Bronze-age.
A well-planned street grid and an elaborate drainage system hint that the occupants
of the ancient Indus civilization city of Mohenjo-Daro were skilled urban planners
with a reverence for the control of water. But just who occupied the ancient city in
modern-day Pakistan during the third millennium B.C. remains a puzzle.
The city lacks ostentatious palaces, temples, or monuments. There's no obvious
central seat of government or evidence of a king or queen. Modesty, order, and

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cleanliness were apparently preferred. Pottery and tools of copper and stone were
standardized. Seals and weights suggest a system of tightly controlled trade.
The city's wealth and stature is evident in artifacts such as ivory, lapis, carnelian, and
gold beads, as well as the baked-brick city structures themselves.
A watertight pool called the Great Bath, perched on top of a mound of dirt and held
in place with walls of baked brick, is the closest structure Mohenjo-Daro has a temple.

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ANCIENT TOWN
HOI AN TOWN, VIETNAM
Hoi An, an exceptionally well-preserved example of a traditional Asian trading port, is
an outstanding material manifestation of the fusion of cultures over time in an
international maritime commercial centre.
The town is a special example of a traditional trading port in South-East Asia which
has been completely and assiduously preserved: it is the only town in Viet Nam that

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has survived intact in this way. Most of the buildings are in the traditional
architectural style of the 19th and 20th centuries. They are aligned along narrow
lanes of traditional type. They include many religious buildings, such as pagodas,
temples, meeting houses, etc., which relate to the development of a port community.
The traditional lifestyle, religion, customs and cooking have been preserved and
many festivals still take place annually.
And so, I would like to extract out the grid systems in Mohenjo-Daro and the
incredible maritime commercial centre in Hoi An town to be applied in my town.

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COLLECTION
PRESENT TOWNS
GEORGETOWN, PENANG, MALAYSIA

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Georgetown, the capital of the island Penang, is named after the British King George
III. The city is located at the northeast side of the island and has, suburbs included,
about 550.000 inhabitants. After Penang was handed over by the sultan of Kedah to
the English, Sir Francis Light founded the city Georgetown. He immediately started
the construction of Fort Cornwallis. Over the years this first settlement evolved into a
big city (in that time). In 1957 Georgetown got permission to be called a city and
until 1972 it was the only city in Malaysia with this permission.
Georgetown is built in quarters. There is the Chinese quarter (Chinatown) and also a
colorful quarter called Little India. Besides the many beautiful historical buildings;
Georgetown also has many modern highrise buildings that often contains big
shopping malls. In and around Georgetown there are many fun attractions that are
absolutely worthy of a visit.

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ARUNDEL TOWN, UNITED KINGDOM
The historic town of Arundel is entirely dominated by its hilltop castle. Lying in the
valley of the River Arun, this little town is full of character and visitors will find

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themselves beguiled by its medieval charm. Once the site of a busy port, Arundel is
now a premier tourist attraction in Sussex and a designated conservation area.
Idyllic Arundel was founded soon after the 11th century Norman Conquest. It now
boasts one of the finest castles in Britain which overlooks the River Arun and the
ruins of a Dominican Friary. First built for Norman baron, Robert de Montgomery in
1067, Arundel Castle has been the ancestral home of the Dukes of Norfolk for some
850 years. Indeed, much of town's wealth and attraction is easily attributed to this
prestigious family. Beautiful Arundel Cathedral was built by Henry, the 15th Duke of
Norfolk and the marvellous Arundel Castle Cricket ground, (formerly the Dukes'
private playing field) was opened to the public in 1975. Other beautiful places for
which you can give thanks to the good ol' Dukes of Norfolk are the lovely Arundel
Park and the remains of Blackfriars Friary.
Arundel boasts another unique sight – the only two-in-one church in England. The
Church of St Nicholas is the local Anglican parish which is entered via London Road.
However, this house of worship is soldered to the Roman Catholic Fitzalan Chapel
which lies at the border of the castle grounds. The two churches are housed in the
same building separated only by an iron grille and a glass screen.

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Since I really like the urban landscape planning of this town, I would like to do the
similar landscape design for my town to make it look as green as possible to make
sure it will be sustainable.

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COLLECTION
FUTURE OF TOWN
COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
The reason why I chose this city in particular to let a new future town be developed
with this city’s new improvements. With urban population of 1.2 billion with land area
of total 77.20km2, with creating a new town with smaller population size and land
area, as the main focus of how people will travel, is by cycling.

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Cycling became the most primary mode of transportation in Copenhagen back in the
starting of the 20th
century. Whereby the very first bicycle path was established in
1892. Back then, there were only about 2500 bicycles running around the city but
now it has radically increased to about 80,000 cyclists everyday. As the city
developed quickly, the tradition of cycling to places did not vanish, instead a lot
more people started to cycle wherever they were going. Mainly from a perspective of
health, this way of transportation was a very good choice of not polluting the
environment.
Everyday, approximately 38% of citizens in the city cycle to work, school and
universities covering a range area of 1.2million kilometers daily. Copenhagen is well-
known as being the most bicycle-friendly city in the world. Copenhagen aims a goal
to be the first carbon neutral capital by the year 2025.

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Therefore, promoting my town proposal, I would like to have the primary mode of
transportation will be the bicycle, as it is environmentally pollution free, cheapest
mode of transportation and not forgetting the best way to not have or start any
traffic congestions.

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RADON
Based on all the investigations that I have done, I have decided to propose a town
with a lake. This is because my main aim of town will be an education and research
hub for the study of marine lives in the lake.
Furthermore, my town will be having almost 60% of greeneries, such, green parks,
deep forest and public fields for the use of my people in this town. I have chosen to
name my town, RADON is because the scientific meaning of this name is actually a
harmless gas particle that does not hurt or harm anyone, and so my town.
This town’s grid system will be square grid system as this grid happens to be a very
structural grid as shown in the investigation about ancient city ; Mohenjo-Daro. The
reason of choosing it to be an education and research hub is because of the Hoi An
Town that has the connecting sea to the ports which is used as international
maritime commercial centre.
As for the modes of transportation for my town, it will be the same as in Copenhagen,
Denmark which they use bicycles to go everywhere. My town is significantly have

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efficient amount of bicycle path and also not forgetting pedestrians path for the
people to conveniently walk around the town.
ZONING OF THE TOWN
ZONE A : EDUCATION ZONE
CONSIST OF A MARINE UNIVERSITY TO STUDY THE LIVES OF MARINE AND
EXPERIENCES.
ZONE B : RESEARCH HUB
CONSIST OF THE RESEARCH CENTRES IN THE STUDY OF MARINE LIFE IN THE
LAKE.MAKING NEW FINDINGS IN LAKE THAT IS TO BE EXAMINED.
ZONE C : GOVERNMENT ZONE
ADMINISTRATIVE CENTRE AND OFFICIAL BUILDINGS WITH GREEN
INFRASTURCTURE.
ZONE D: COMMERCIAL ZONE

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CONSISTING OF ENTERTAINMENT AREA ; SHOPPING AND DAILY GROCERIES STORES
ZONE E: RESINDENTIAL AREA
CONSIST OF SAME LEVELED MEDIUM RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS GREEN
ROOFTOPS
ZONE F: MEDICAL HELP CENTRE
THIS ZONE IS FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE FACING WITH HEALTH PROBLEMS TO BE
EXAMINED FIRST BEFORE REFERRING TO THE MAIN HOSPITAL OUT OF THE TOWN.

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OVERALL ZONING PLAN LAYOUT
THE PROCESS AND PROGRESS
TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS

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LEGEND
- BICYCLE LANE
- PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY

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PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF
BICYLE LANE AND
PEDESTRIANS PATHWAY

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PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF
ZONE C : GOVERNMENT
ZONE

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PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF
ZONE D : COMMERCIAL
ZONE

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PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF
ZONE E : RESIDENTIAL
ZONE

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OVERALL MASTER PLAN
TOTAL AREA : 25 KM2
POPULATION SIZE : 120,000 MALAYSIANS

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CONCLUSION
Constructing a well developed town does not mean that everything has to be
structured and out into place but how much it can be sustainable for the more years
to come and to make sure everything that is built will be able to be concrete for all
the people living in the town.
Sustainability is just not having the amount of materials that is going to uphold the
infrastructures, but the amount of effort that has been applied in order to make it
successful counts more. Never the less, the more effort is put into the development
of this town, the more better sustainability can be obtained not just for the people
but also for the town itself to be maintained well.

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In a nutshell, a town is always a good start off to learn more what makes it to be
incredibly noticeable by the outside people who are outside the boundary of the
town ,when other people notice how well maintained is one’s town, it is where the
sustainability comes all up together.
REFERENCES
BOOKS
 Bibliography: Charlesworth, E. and Adams, R. (2011). The EcoEdge. 1st ed. London:
Routledge
 Bibliography: Bacon, E. (1976). Design of cities. 1st ed. New York: Penguin Books
 Bibliography: Cook, P. (2003). The city, seen as a garden of ideas. 1st ed. New York,
N.Y.: Monacelli Press.

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WEBSITES
- Roach, J. (2014). Lost City of Mohenjo Daro -- National Geographic. [online]
National Geographic. Available at:
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/mohenjo-
daro/?rptregcta=reg_free_np&rptregcampaign=20131016_rw_membership_r1
p_intl_dr_w#
- Centre, U. (2014). [online] Whc.unesco.org. Available at:
http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&l=en&id_site=948&gallery=1&&maxro
ws=22
- Post Apocalyptic Novels, (2014). Post Apocalyptic Novels. [online] Available at:
http://www.vagabond-unlimited.co.uk/#!future-towns/c19bv

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- Whitaker, A. (2014). Mohenjo Daro. [online] Ancient-wisdom.co.uk. Available at:
http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/Pakistanmohenjo.htm
- www.news-daily.com, (2014). What makes a small town so great. [online]
Available at: http://www.news-daily.com/news/2013/nov/14/what-makes-a-
small-town-so-great/

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