2. ANALYSIS OF HOW
PEOPLE BEHAVE/ REACT
DURING HUMAN
INTERACTION

3. Transactional Analysis
• A model for explaining why and how:
– People think like they do
– People act like they do
– People interact/communicate with others
• Based on published ‘psychological’ work such as:
– Games People Play (Dr. Eric Berne)
– I’m OK - - You’re OK (Dr. Tom Harris)
– Born to Win (Dr. Dorothy Jongeward)

4. Our Brain (according to Berne)
• Determines what we think and how we act
• Acts like a tape recorder while recording
1) Events
2) Associated feelings
• Has 3 distinct parts or ego states
1) Parent
2) Adult
3) Child

5. EGO STATES
PARENT
ADULT
CHILD

6. TRANSACTIONS
STIMULOUS RESPONSE

7. Parent Ego State
• Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based on
messages or lessons learned from parents and other
‘parental’ or authoritarian sources
• Shoulds and should nots; oughts and ought nots; always and
never
• Prejudicial views (not based on logic or facts) on things such
as:
religion dress salespeople
traditions work products
money raising children companies
• Nurturing views (sympathetic, caring views)
• Critical views (fault finding, judgmental, condescending views)

8. Adult Ego State
• Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral
patterns based on objective analysis of
information (data, facts)
• Make decisions based on logic, computations,
probabilities, etc. (not emotion)

9. Child Ego State
• Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral
patterns based on child-like emotions,
impulses, feelings we have experienced
• Child-like examples
Impulsive Happy Curious
Self-centered Pleasure seeking Eager to please
Angry Rebellious
Fearful Happy

10. Ego Portraits
• People have favorite, preferred ego state,
depicted by larger circle in a diagram
Parent Adult Child
P
P P
A
A
A
C
C
C

11. PARENT EGO
CONTROLLING
PARENT
NURTURING
PARENT

12. CHILD EGO
NATURAL
CHILD
ADAPTED
CHILD

13. ADAPTATION
COMPLIANCE PROCASTINATION
LITTLE
REBELLION PROFESSOR
(INTUITION)

14. STROKES IN TA
APPRECIATIONS POSITIVE
ADMONISIONS NEGATIVE

15. Human Interaction Analysis
• A transaction = any interaction or communication
between 2 people
• People send and receive messages out of and into
their different ego states
• How people say something (what others hear?) just
as important as what is said
• Types of communication, interactions
1) Complementary
2) Crossed
3) Ulterior

16. TRANSACTIONS
P P
A A
C C
COMPLEMENTARY

17. Complementary ‘Transactions’
• Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and
expected from another person.
• Parallel communication arrows, communication continues.
Example 1: #1 What time do you have?
#2 I’ve got 11:15.
P P
A A
C C

18. Complementary ‘Transactions’ cont’d
Example 2:
#1 You’re late again!
P P
#2 I’m sorry. It won’t
A A happen again.
C C

19. TRANSACTIONS
P P
A A
C C
CROSSED

20. CROSSED ‘TRANSACTIONS’
• Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate
or expected from another person.
• Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown.
Example 1
#1 What time do you have?
#2 There’s a clock on the wall,
why don’t you
figure it out yourself?
P P
A A
C C

21. Crossed ‘Transactions’ cont’d
Example 2 #1 You’re late again!
#2 Yeah, I know, I had a flat tire.
P P
A A
C C

22. TRANSACTIONS
P MESSAGES
P
WITH
A DOUBLE/
HIDDEN
A
MEANINGS
C C
ULTERIOR

23. Intonations: It’s the Way You Say It!
Placement of the emphasis What it means
Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight? I was going to take someone else.
Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight? Instead of the guy you were going with.
Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight? I’m trying to find a reason why I shouldn’t
take you.
Do you have a problem with me?
Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight?
Instead of going on your own.
Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight?
Instead of lunch tomorrow.
Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight?
Not tomorrow night.
Why don’t I take you to dinner tonight?