health is a state of physical , mental, social, moral and spiritual well-being of a person but not just the absence of disease. The slides explain the basic concept of health and illness, continuum and the factors affecting health.

1. Concept of Health and disease
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2. Definition of health
 Health is a vague concept as there are a number of
ways to define health. In most of the earlier
definitions (before 1950s), health was defined as
simple the absence of a disease or deformity.
 However, modern definitions invented by WHO has
added more comprehensive, integrated and
multidimensional approach. WHO defined “health
is a complete state of physical, mental, social,
spiritual and moral wellbeing but not just the
absence of disease or infirmity”.
 In the olden days, there were many unproven
concepts on health and wellbeing of an individual.

3.  In the olden days, people had a notation that a
person having ‘black bile’ feel hot and he or she is
more vulnerable to fevers. World has the least
opportunity to explore the concept of health because
of lack of technology and communication between
nations.
 There were many spiritual beliefs such as evil spirit,
godly powers, demons have close link with the
disease causation and death.
 As the health care and biological sciences have
evolved, the belief system of the people around the
world tilted more towards the scientific and
rationalized approach.

4. Concepts of health
 Health is a vaguely used term in many contexts.
However, as far as the science is concerned, health is a
state of continuum ranging from the state of extremely
healthy towards extremely disabled.
 This has helped many of us to put health into a more
mathematical, approachable and measurable contexts.
 In simple words, none of us can have a same level of
wellbeing, fitness, capacities and skills as a result of
health. Health is a variable rather than a mere
terminology. It is highly variable because, one`s health
depends upon various external and internal influences
surrounding him /her.
 Health is a more inclusive term rather than a narrow
and straightforward concept. Let us understand the
determinants or factors determining one’s health.

5. Determinants of health
Determinants are the influencing factors that drive
one`s health status. We all are under the constant
influence of many external and internal factors.
Some of them are explained as under.
1. Nutrition
2. Environment
3. Genetics and heredity
4. Health care facilities
5. Lifestyle

6. Nutrition and health
 Nutritional status and the science of nutrition is
directly proportional to the level of wellness.
Better the food style greater the health.
 Both the over-nutrition (eating too much) and
under-nutrition (eating less) has a profound impact
on one’s body and mind.
 Some of the diseases linked with nutrition are the
deficiency disorders and the obesity (increased
body weight). Some of the important components
of nutrition includes, proper cleaning of vegetables
and fruits, applying the scientific mythologies for
cooking, healthy menu plan, use of balanced diet,
use of more veggies, regular nutritional and
growth assessment of children etc.

7. Environment and health
 Health and the environment we all live in
are inseparable. Some of the environmental
factors such as pollution, environmental
hygiene, lighting and ventilation, clean and
safe drinking water, housing style,
knowledge about cleanliness, area of
residence( rural or urban) etc. can have a
profound impact on one’s level of health
and fitness.
 Keeping the surroundings free from
rodents, flies, mosquitoes, breeding places
help us to prevent many illnesses.

8. Genetics and heredity
 Genetics is one of the most complex and
innate factor derived from our ancestors. It
is one of the non-modifiable risk factor of
illness. However, there genes and heredity
has a positive impact on the wellbeing of a
person.
 Some of the notable genetic factors are
genetic abnormalities, family illnesses,
chromosomal defects, knowledge about
hereditary health also play an important
role in determining the level of wellbeing
among people.

9. Lifestyle and culture
 This has a serious influence on the level of
health and fitness among people. Lifestyle
and culture vary geographically. Religion,
caste, culture are closely bound to the way
we live hence a good culture and lifestyle is
inevitable for everyone. Some of the
associated factors such as spiritualism,
positive thinking, regular festivals and
celebrations in the family and society,
taboos related to health have a greater
influence on the health of an individual and
the society.

10. Availability of health care facilities (health care
delivery system)
 This is probably the most important of all other
factors because we are witnessing a great
revolution in the filed of health care delivery
system.
 Our health care delivery must focus on
promotion, prevention, cure and the
rehabilitation aspects.
 The scientific medical, surgical and nursing
procedures with a proper health administration
is the need of the hour. Many countries in the
world still lack the basic health care facilities
making it one of the most striking factor in
deciding the level of health and wellbeing.

11. Environement
Lifestyle and
culture
Genetics
and
heredity
Availability
of helath
care
facilities
Nutrition

12. Concept of disease
 Disease on the other hand is a state of poor
functioning capacity of the body associated with
emotional, social and spiritual disturbance.
 A disease can be defect, an infection, accident or
any type of emergencies that needs quick
attention and management. A disease can be
chronic or acute in nature. Some of the examples
of chronic illnesses are Asthma, TB, meningitis etc.
and diarrhea, fever, unconsciousness are some of
the acute illnesses.
 Absence of a disease doesn’t mean a person is
healthy but an individual must not feel difficulties
in the day to day activities.

13. Healthy habits and lifestyle for good health
1. Quitting smoking and alcoholism
2. Regular exercises and active lifestyle to maintain a
healthy body weight
3. Eating a healthy and balanced diet including more
fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and low in red
meat, saturated fats and sugar are advisable.
4. Regular health checkup, especially after 40s.
5. Meditation and diversion from the hectic work
schedule
6. Positive thinking and a good attitude towards our
own health.
7. A positive and acceptable cultural and social
practices.

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