2. SKIN & BODY SENSES

3. SKIN SENSES
 COMPRISED OF:
 PRESSURE
 TEMPERATURE
 PAIN
 DETERMINED BY THE NUMBER
OF PAIN RECPETORS IN A
GIVEN AREA
 NECK & BACK OF THE KNEE
HAVE MANY

4. BODY SENSES
 KINESTHESIS
 INFORMS BRAIN ABOUT
THE POSITION AND
MOTION OF THE BODY
 VESTIBULAR SENSE
 INFORMS THE BRAIN AS
TO THE VERTICAL
POSITION OF THE BODY

5. PERCEPTION
Does the door
swing in or out?
Where do you
focus your
attention?

6. Muller-Lyer Illusion
 Which line between the arrows is
longer?

7. 6 Rules of Perception
 Closure
 Figure-Ground Perception
 Proximity
 Similarity
 Continuity
 Common Fate

8. Closure
The tendency to
perceive a
complete or
whole figure
even when
there are gaps
in what your
senses tell you.

9. Figure-Ground Perception
 The perception of
figures against a
background.
Which is which?
 What we perceive
as a figure and
what we perceive
as a background
influences our The Vase or Profile
perception perception

10. Proximity
 Nearness of one
item to another
 People tend to
group together
visual & auditory
events that are
near each other

11. Similarity
 Tendency to group
together elements
that seem alike
 Think of similar
objects as
belonging together

12. Continuity
 Tendency to group stimuli
into continuous patterns
 People would rather see
continuous patterns
rather than disrupted
ones
A third principle of perceptual organization is that of good continuity. This principle is that contours based on smooth
continuity are preferred to abrupt changes of direction. Here, for instance, we are more likely to identify lines a-b and c-d
crossing than to identify a-d and c-b or a-c and d-b as lines.

13. Common Fate
 Tendency to perceive objects that
are moving together as belonging
together
 Ex. - if you saw a group of runners it is
assumed that they are running to the same
place

14. Stroboscopic Motion
 Visual illusion in which the
perception of motion is generated
by the presentation of a series of
stationary images in rapid
succession
 Flip book
 Claymation Movies
 “Chicken Run”
 Gumby

15. Depth Perception
 Monocular Cues for Depth
 Monocular cues need only one eye to
be perceived and make objects on a 2-
D surface appear to be 3-D
 Examples of these cues are
perspective, clearness, overlapping,
shadows, and motion parallax

16. Depth Perception
 Binocular Cues for Depth
 Binocular cues require both eyes to see the
effect

17. Depth Perception
 Binocular Cues (Continued)
 Two cues for depth perception
 Retinal
Disparity
 Convergence
Both work related to the closeness of
objects to the eyes
 http://dragon.uml.edu/psych/depth2.html

18. Perceptual Constancies
 Size
 Color
 Brightness
 Shape

19. Size
 Tendency to perceive an object as being of
one size no matter how far away it is
 Experience is key

20. Shape
 The knowledge that an object has the same
shape no matter what angle it is perceived from