practical pharmacognostical notes : flowers ( lavender , chamomile & hibiscus)

2. LAVENDER FLOWER

3. -The dried flowers of lavandula officinalis
-family Labiatae .

4. -Colour : Grayish-blue to bluish-violet .
-Odour : aromatic .
-Taste : bitter camphoraceous taste.
It is characterized by important types of glandular and
non-glandular hairs:
1) Labiatae glandular hairs :
- unicellular stalk and 4-8-celled glandular head
-present on both calyx and corolla.
Basal view Top viewSide view

5. :2) Non-glandular branched hairs
- (multicellular or unicellular, with pointed ends and warty
cuticle)
- present on both calyx and corolla.

6. 3) Whip-shaped hairs :
-unicellular, non-glandular hairs.
- present on the anthers.
4) Knotty hair :
- Very important M.D.E for lavender.

7. 5) Hexagonal pollen grains :
-(spherical with 6 germ pores).

8. Volatile Oils:
a) Ester volatile oils (Linalyl acetate).
b) Alcohol volatile oils (Linalool, Geraniol)

9. -Perfuming agent in manufacture of perfumes.
- Flavoring agent.

11. -Dried, expanded flower head (capitulum) of Matricaria
chamomilla
-Family Compositae

12. -Colour: Greenish-Yellow to yellowish-brown.
-Odour : aromatic odor.
-Taste : slightly bitter taste.
1) Spiny pollen grains:

13. 2) Fragment of papillosed epidermis (stigma) :
-associated with cluster crystals of Ca-oxalate.
3) Trichomes :
- Compositae glandular hairs
-Non-glandular hair : ( multicellular , uniseriate )

14. 1) Volatile oils:
-Azulene and chamazulene -bisabolol, -bisabolol
oxide A and B.
2) Flavonoids:
-Apigenin, luteolin, quercetin
3) Coumarins:
-umbelliferone

16. Uses of Roman and German Chamomile:
1- Aromatic bitter stomachic. 2- Stimulant.
3- Carminative. 4- Diaphoretic.
5- Antispasmodic 6- Tranquilizer
7- Anti-inflammatory 8- Protective in ulcer

17. Hibiscus (Roselle)

18. Origin
- Dried calyces & epicalyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa
- Family: Malvaceae.

20. 1) Stellate hair.
2) Cottony non-glandullar hair.
3) Cluster crystal of ca-oxalate.

22. 1) Colorant and flavouring component for herbal
preparations.
2) Traditionally :
- Astringent &cooling agent . - Diuretic.

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