Diversification of food consumption in south sumatera
1. DIVERSIFICATION OF FOOD CONSUMPTION IN
SOUTH SUMATERA: AN ANALYSIS BASED-ON
DESIRABLE DIETARY PATTERN
(Faharuddin & Andy Mulyana )
INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON
CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD
SECURITY (ISCCFS) 2013
PALEMBANG, 25TH OCT 2013
2. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is still facing problems in food consumption diversity shown by the score of
desirable dietary pattern that still very low, 77.5 in 2010 (Kementan, 2012).
One problem is the high reliance on rice consumption. In 2011, rice consumption in
Indonesia is still very high, reaching 103 kg/ capita/year while specifically South
Sumatra reached 100 kg/capita/year (Pusdatin Kementan, 2012).
This paper aims to analyze the diversification of food consumption in South Sumatera
in 2012. Actual conditions of food consumption by food commodity groups compared
with the ideal conditions of food consumption based on desirable dietary pattern.
Benefit that can be obtained is identification of the food consumption pattern for
evaluation and planning of food diversification program in South Sumatera.
Furthermore, by obtaining desirable dietary pattern score, we will know the
achievement of food diversification program in South Sumatera province.
3. METHODS
The data used in this paper are the results of Panel National Socioeconomic Survey (Survei
Sosial Ekonomi Nasional - Susenas) 2009 and First Quarter Susenas 2012
The method used here is desirable dietary pattern, performed by comparing actual
consumption pattern with the ideal consumption pattern and then calculates desirable
dietary pattern score (Pola Pangan Harapan - PPH score).
Calculate the energy content (in kilocalory) of each commodity
Classify each commodity into 9 groups of food commodities in desirable dietary pattern sheet and calculate
the total actual energy consumption of each food group
Calculate the energy contribution of each food group based Minimum Energy Requirement (Angka Kecukupan
Energi - AKE)
Multipliy the energy contribution by the weight of each food group to obtain the score of each food group
Add up the scores of all food groups to get the PPH score
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 2. Average Energy and Protein Consumption of South
Sumatera, 2009-2012
Type of Nutrition
2009
2010
2011
2012
Energy
(kcal/capita/day)
1,991.76
1,989.11
1,950.08
1,925.99
Protein
(gram/capita/day)
53.62
54.67
54.30
52.84
Source: BPS Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2013.
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In 2012, the average energy consumption is lower than the minimum energy
requirement (Angka Kecukupan Energi – AKE), while protein consumption is still higher
than the corresponding minimum protein requirement (Angka Kecukupan Protein –
AKP)
However, quality of consumption tends to decline as the declining trend in the
average consumption of energy and protein in the last 3 years.
The above results lead us to the importance of encouraging an increase in the quality
of food consumption through increased access and affordability of food, especially
for low-income people.
7. Table 3. Desirable Dietary Pattern of South Sumatera Province 2009 and 2012
2009
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Food Groups
Cereals
Roots and
Tubers
Animal
Products
Added Fats
and Oils
Nuts and
Oilseeds
Pulses
Sugar
Vegetables
and Fruits
Other
Total
2012
Diff.
AKE
AKE
Max Sco-re PPH ScoSco-re Sco-re and
re
Max
Sco-re
Energy
(kcal/
capita/
day)
Diff.
AKE
AKE
Max Sco-re PPH
% AKE
Sco-re Sco-re and Sco-re
Max
Sco-re
Energy
(kcal/
capita/
day)
%
AKE
1189.78
59.5
29.7
25.0
4.7
25.0
1147.12
57.4
28.7
25.0
3.7
25.0
128.41
6.4
3.2
2.5
0.7
2.5
87.83
4.4
2.2
2.5
-0.3
2.2
147.73
7.4
14.8
24.0
-9.2
14.8
165.30
8.3
16.5
24.0
-7.5
16.5
215.10
10.8
5.4
5.0
0.4
5.0
241.25
12.1
6.0
5.0
1.0
5.0
23.57
1.2
0.6
1.0
-0.4
0.6
12.82
0.6
0.3
1.0
-0.7
0.3
40.03
128.45
2.0
6.4
4.0
3.2
10.0
2.5
-6.0
0.7
4.0
2.5
40.30
105.84
2.0
5.3
4.0
2.6
10.0
2.5
-6.0
0.1
4.0
2.5
81.19
4.1
20.3
30.0
-9.7
20.3
88.80
4.4
22.2
30.0
-7.8
22.2
37.49
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
36.72
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1991.76
99.6
81.2
100
74.7
1925.99
96.3
82.6
100
77.8
8. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The actual dietary pattern of South Sumatra is still far from ideal conditions in which
in 2012 the PPH score was 77.8. However, compared to 2009, PPH score increased
from 74.7.
Consumption of cereals has a higher proportion of consumption compared to ideal
score. In 2012, AKE score of cereals consumption reached 28.7 while the maximum
score for cereals consumption only by 25.
Thus, consumption of cereals be continually reduced to achieve the ideal proportion
of food consumption. But, reducing rice consumption, is a significant challenge
because based on the results of Susenas, we found a relatively small changes in rice
consumption from year to year
9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The other three food groups namely animal products, vegetables and fruits, and
pulses have proportion of consumption is still far below the ideal proportion of food
consumption.
Animal products has AKE score of 16.5 while ideal maximum score is 24.
AKE scores for fruits and vegetables is 22.2, below the maximum score 30.
The energy consumption for pulses has AKE score of 4.0 also below the maximum score for this group,
10.0.
Paralell with the efforts to reduce consumption of cereals, also should be done efforts
to increase consumption of the other three food groups above
As a maritime nation, the consumption of animal products can actually be directed to
increase the consumption of fish, but ironically fish consumption tended to decline in
Indonesia including in South Sumatera.
10. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Finally, food diversification program indeed not only food problems alone, but in
which there is political, economic, health, education, social and even cultural. The
change on food consumption pattern is the interaction of various factors, so that food
diversification program interventions should be an integrated work of all components
related.
11. CONCLUSSIONS
The quality of food consumption tends to decrease so that we need some efforts to
improve the quality of food consumption in particular by increasing the affordability
of food for the poor
The level of food consumption diversity in South Sumatra is still low although increases
in the last three years
Four food groups has a larger deviation to the ideal score: cereals that have a high
consumption and the other three food groups; animal products, vegetables and fruits,
and pulses that have low consumption
Improving food consumption diversity in Sumatera Selatan, means reducing cereals
consumption and the same time increasing consumption of animal products vegetables
and fruits, and pulses. These efforts should be an integrated work of entire
community in South Sumatera.
