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Chapter 15
- 1. Chapter 15 Juvenile Justice
- 2. Juvenile Justice History Parens Patriae The Child Savers Reform Schools Juvenile Justice
- 3. The History of Juvenile Justice Juvenile justice Originally based on the parens patriae philosophy parens patriae: The state has legal authority to act as guardian and in the best interest of the child In Loco Parentis: in place of the parent Schools, Boys and Girls Clubs, Police First Juvenile Court Cook County Illinois 1899
- 4. The History of Juvenile Justice Almshouses, Poorhouses, and Workhouses Local jurisdictions developed these to accommodate dependent youths The child savers Influenced state and local governments to create independent correctional institutions to house minors Lobbied for an independent, state-supported juvenile court Their efforts prompted the development of the first comprehensive juvenile court in Illinois in 1899
- 5. The History of Juvenile Justice Reform schools The first of opened in: Westboro, MA in 1848 Rochester, NY in 1849 Charles Lorring Brace (1853) New York philanthropist who helped develop the Children’s Aid Society Placed neglected and delinquent youths in private homes in rural communities
- 6. The History of Juvenile Justice The “best interests of the child” The main concern Not strict adherence to legal doctrine, constitutional rights, or due process of law Youngsters found delinquent in juvenile court could spend years in a state training school Juvenile Justice 1960-1980 The Supreme Court radically altered the juvenile justice system when it issued a series of decisions that established the right of juveniles to receive due process of law
- 7. Police, Courts, Corrections Police Discretion Juvenile Court Process Juvenile Institutions
- 8. Police Processing of the Juvenile Offender Use of discretion is based on: Type and seriousness of the child’s offense Ability of the parents to be of assistance in disciplining the child Child’s past contacts with police Degree of cooperation obtained from the child and parents and their demeanor, attitude, and personal characteristics Whether the child denies the allegations in the petition and insists on a court hearing
- 9. The Juvenile Court Process Juvenile found to have engaged in delinquent or incorrigible behavior: Police agencies are charged with the decision to release or to detain the child and refer him to juvenile court Once in custody, a juvenile has the same right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures as an adult does Many more rules for juveniles in custody Must immediately contact parent or guardian Maximum Hold Generally 6 hours Must have Juvenile officer (advocate) if questioning
- 10. The Juvenile Court Process The Intake Process Review and screening The Detention Process There has been an ongoing effort to reform detention Juvenile Justice Act of 1974 Legal issues The most important reform has been the successful effort to remove status offenders from lockups containing delinquents
- 11. The Juvenile Court Process Adjudication Initial appearance Similar to arraignment in the adult system Trial Court hears evidence on the allegations Disposition and Treatment Suspended judgment Probation Placement in a community treatment program Commitment
- 12. The Juvenile Court Process There has been an ongoing effort for almost 30 years to deinstitutionalize status offenders (DSO) Juvenile Sentencing Reform Least intrusive measures Remove status offenders Standardize juvenile dispositions
- 13. The Juvenile Correctional Process Probation Most common formal sentence Special rules Alternative sanctions Intensive Supervision Decarceration Control Community ties/reintegration Mixed results
- 14. The Juvenile Correctional Process Aftercare is the final stage of the formal juvenile justice process Supervision and support Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) Preparing youths for responsibility Facilitating youth-community interaction Working with the offender and the community Developing new resources/support Monitoring
- 15. The Future of Juvenile Justice Currently at a crossroads Ongoing effort to modify the juvenile justice system Public’s fear of predatory juvenile offenders Reaction to high profile cases http://youtu.be/xKIWq1mxtRI (inside Cook County Jail) http://youtu.be/B8c1LahPSIA (inside Juvenile Jail)
Notes de l'éditeur
- Learning Objective One
- Learning Objective One
- Learning Objectives One & Three - This nineteenth century photo shows indigent boys sleeping on the front door landing of an abandoned tenement building in New York City. The child savers were concerned that if left alone, children such as these would enter a life of crime. Critics, however, accused the child savers of class and race discrimination and thought they sought to maintain control over the political system.
- Learning Objective One
- Learning Objective Six
- Learning Objective Nine
- Learning Objective Nine
- Learning Objective Nine
- Learning Objective Nine
- Learning Objective Ten
- Learning Objective Ten