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- 1. Adapting to Climate Change with Low Impact Development (LID): Scott Horsley Horsley Witten Group, Inc. Sandwich Boston Providence Newburyport
- 3. Image Credit: New England Integrated Sciences and Assessment, h8p://inhale.unh.edu/Climate/ index.html
- 4. Image credit: U.S. Global Change Research Program (www.globalchange.gov).
- 6. Future Design Storms? • Kirshen et al. (2008) project sea-‐level rise onto Pme-‐series of past surge events in the U.S. Northeast to esPmate that the 2005 100-‐year-‐event will become the 30-‐70 year event by 2050. • By 2050, Boston could experience the current 100-‐year riverine flood every two to three years on average and, by 2100, the current 100-‐year riverine flood is expected to occur every one to two years under both the low-‐ and high-‐ emissions scenarios (MA Climate Change AdaptaPon Report)
- 7. 100-‐Year Design Storms (inches) Springfield Worcester Boston TP40 Design Storm (1930 – 1960) 6.5 6.5 6.6 Cornell Design Storm (1936 -‐ 2008) 8.8 8.8 8.8 Hydrology Handbook for Conserva2on Commissions: Appendix F. Rainfall Data for MassachuseBs from Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States (TP-‐40). Users of this Handbook should note that current MA DEP wriFen guidance (see DEP Waterlines newsleFer -‐-‐ Fall 2000) requires the use of TP-‐40 Rainfall Data for calculaJons under the Wetlands ProtecJon RegulaJons and the Stormwater Management Policy. More stringent design storms may be used under a local bylaw or ordinance.
- 8. 100-‐Year Design Storms (inches) Springfield Worcester Boston TP40 Design Storm (1930 – 1960) 6.5 6.5 6.6 Cornell Design Storm (1936 -‐ 2008) 8.8 8.8 8.8 Hydrology Handbook for Conserva2on Commissions: Appendix F. Rainfall Data for MassachuseBs from Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States (TP-‐40). Users of this Handbook should note that current MA DEP wriFen guidance (see DEP Waterlines newsleFer -‐-‐ Fall 2000) requires the use of TP-‐40 Rainfall Data for calculaJons under the Wetlands ProtecJon RegulaJons and the Stormwater Management Policy. More stringent design storms may be used under a local bylaw or ordinance.
- 9. Future Design Storms with ConPnued Climate Change Source: University of New Hampshire
- 12. No building present on lot, 2005 photo
- 13. FEMA 100-‐year flood, depth > 1 foot, at 2me building constructed FEMA 100-‐year flood, depth < 1 foot, at 2me building constructed Building constructed between 2005 and 2008, in loca2on not designated as FEMA floodplain
- 14. Prior 100-‐year flood, depth > 1 foot 100-‐year flood, depth >1 foot, from 2010 FEMA study Building constructed between 2005 and 2008, now in regulated floodplain aQer 2010 FEMA re-‐study
- 15. Same building, March 2010 flood (approximately 40-‐year flood)
- 16. Key Stormwater RegulaPons Federal Clean Water Act, NaPonal Pollutant Discharge EliminaPon System (NPDES): • EPA 2003 MS4 Permits • EPA General Stormwater Permit (MA) (expected 2013??)
- 17. Key Stormwater RegulaPons Federal Clean Water Act, NaPonal Pollutant Discharge EliminaPon System (NPDES): • EPA 2003 MS4 Permits • EPA General Stormwater Permit (MA) (expected 2013??) Massachuse8s IniPaPves: • MA Stormwater Standards (jurisdicPon under Wetlands ProtecPon RegulaPons) • MA Water Management Act (Sustainable Water Management IniPaPve, SWMI) • MA Climate Change AdaptaPon Report/Regulatory Changes
- 18. Key Stormwater RegulaPons Federal Clean Water Act, NaPonal Pollutant Discharge EliminaPon System (NPDES): • EPA 2003 MS4 Permits • EPA General Stormwater Permit (MA) (expected 2013??) Massachuse8s IniPaPves: • MA Stormwater Standards (jurisdicPon under Wetlands ProtecPon RegulaPons) • MA Water Management Act (Sustainable Water Management IniPaPve, SWMI) • MA Climate Change AdaptaPon Report/Regulatory Changes Local Ordinance/Bylaw/RegulaPons (required MS4)
- 19. LID Stormwater Management Techniques • • • • • • • • • Rain Barrels and Cisterns / Water Re-‐use Stormwater Planters, Tree PlanPng Permeable Paving Open Channels BioretenPon Stormwater Wetlands Green Roogop Systems VegetaPve Buffers InfiltraPon
- 22. Rain Barrels and Cisterns Runoff ReducPon & Water ConservaPon • Downspouts directed to tanks or barrels • 50 –10,000 gallons • Excess diverted to drywell or rain garden • Landscaping, car washing, other non-‐ potable uses
- 23. Dry Well Infiltra2on of Roof Runoff Source: CWP DisconnecPon of Roogop Runoff to Vegetated Swale Source: Horsley Wi8en Group
- 28. Vegetated Swales Conveyance, Treatment, Infiltra2on • Roadside swales (“country drainage”) for lower density and small-‐scale projects • For small parking lots • Mild side slopes and flat longitudinal slopes • Provides area for snow storage & snowmelt treatment
- 29. BioretenPon ApplicaPons • • • • Parking lot islands Median strips ResidenPal lots Office parks Source: Larry Gavin Source: LID Center
- 30. BioretenPon Cell Water Street, Plymouth Center, MA
- 33. NYC GI Design Criteria
- 34. New York City – Bioreten2on Retrofit
- 35. Rain Garden
- 36. Green Roofs • Stormwater Runoff absorpPon/collecPon • Reduced flooding of and damage to urban streets • Interior heaPng and cooling benefits of 10 degrees or more • Air purificaPon • RecreaPonal amenity • Improved aesthePcs World Trade Center, Boston • Extended roof life, esPmated at 40 years
- 41. Stormwater Planters • VegetaPve uptake of stormwater pollutants • Pretreatment for suspended solids before they reach water-‐ treatment faciliPes • AesthePcally pleasing • ReducPon of peak discharge rate
- 42. Dry Well Infiltra2on of Roof Runoff Source: CWP DisconnecPon of Roogop Runoff to Vegetated Swale Source: Horsley Wi8en Group
- 43. Natural Conservation Area Lawn IrrigaPon 50-‐100 gals/day Roogop/Driveway Runoff 36-‐94 gals/day Dry Well InfiltraPon Swale Open SecPon Road
- 44. Horsley Witten
- 45. LID Principles at The Pinehills • • • • • • Cluster Development Reduce Impervious Areas AlternaPve Landscaping Stormwater Management Wastewater Re-‐use Nutrient Management
- 46. Preserved Historic Sandwich Road
- 47. Horsley Witten
- 55. Water Table Map With Groundwater Flow Arrows Horsley Witten
- 56. Zone II
- 57. WWTP Zone II
- 63. Water to Cafe Irrigation & Water Fountain MWRA Water Floor Washing Storage Tank Overflow to Sewer Groundwater Pumping
- 64. THANK YOU! QUESTIONS?