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Oklahoma Blue Thumb Water Education overview
- 1. Blue Thumb Water Pollution Education Program
- 2. People and the choices they make.
- 3. Clean Water Act - Safe for Humans
- 5. Learn about streams Educate the public about Stream Protection
- 11. Effects of Development Only 8% development changes the runoff patterns in the watershed.
- 14. Nonpoint Source Pollution Pollution that comes from diffuse sources difficult to “point to” the exact source.
- 15. How does nonpoint source pollution get to our streams?
- 17. Nonpoint Source Pollution Examples Soap and detergent going down a storm drain
- 18. Fertilizers and pesticides can be nonpoint source pollutants.
- 21. Sediment – from landclearing for homes, businesses, and new streets.
- 23. Animal Waste Poultry
- 24. Feed lots for cattle or swine barns
- 28. What is our #1 pollutant?
- 29. Agriculture & development can contribute to sediment.
- 30. Streams need their riparian areas!
- 31. Pop Quiz
- 32. Fertilizers and pesticides can be nonpoint source pollutants.
- 33. Read the LABEL!
- 35. Use a mulching mower and compost.
- 36. Conserve water Collect water in a rain barrel Build a rain garden Use native plants which are pest resistant, good for wildlife, need less watering and fertilization
- 39. Fishable & Swimmable
- 40. Water Chemistry + Biological Community + Physical Habitat = Stream Health
- 42. Dissolved Oxygen Nitrate/nitrite Orthophosphate Chloride Chemical Monitoring pH Water clarity Temperature Ammonia nitrate & Site observations
- 44. Biological Collections Some species of bugs and fish are very tolerant of pollution. Some are very intolerant. Stream life tells an important tale!
- 46. Fish Collections
- 50. Is there anything everyone can do?
- 51. Get out and play in a creek!
Notes de l'éditeur
- Blue Thumb – OCC, conservation districts, tribes, OSU Ext. offices, Cities, National Wildlife refuges, state parks
- A great deal of the Blue Thumb Program is about helping people understand their role in resource protection. And because we are a water quality program, most of what we are about concerns actions that protect streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and groundwater.
- Swimmable!
- Fishable - Blue Thumb Program works to help people understand the things that stop water from being fishable and swimmable. And our focus is on section 319 of the clean water act – nonpoint source pollution.
- Volunteers are the heart of what we do - Stream protection
- When rain falls, it runs downhill and it collects in the low spots as rivulets, streams, rivers, lakes, etc. All the land that drains to one point is the watershed.
- Each of those watersheds can be subdivided. Some of the water that flows east of the Continental Divide ends up in the Gulf of Mexico; some in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and some flows directly to the Atlantic Ocean. We will be working in much smaller watersheds.
- A small watershed in its natural state will allow some water to soak into the ground and some will flow into streams.
- Once people begin to work the land, we change the surface by putting in impervious surfaces that increase the amount of water running off the land and decreasing the amount of water soaking into the soil. The water that runs off often carries pollutants with it.
- Lots of chances for stormwater to run off – not soak in.
- The kind of pollution that most people think of is called point source pollution. It could be a pipe coming from a factory or a ruptured oil pipeline. These types of pollution are regulated by laws.
- Today we are going to talk about nonpoint source pollution – the things that run off the land. We are funded by the Clean Water Act, section 319
- The polluted water could be running down a storm drain, through a grassy swale…
- Eventually flows into a creek that is large enough to have a good variety of life.
- Here are some of the things we are talking about.
- Nonpoint source pollution is that pollution that comes from lots of different sources, frequently in very small amounts, but the accumulation can have an impact on our water resources. This is my neighbor spreading pesticide on her lawn because she and her family have fleas. She did not know much about the chemicals she was spreading, and she did not know the rate at which she was applying this poison to her lawn. She also sprinkled it on her driveway. This is an example of nonpoint source pollution. You can imagine that lots of people applying chemicals like this can result in contaminated runoff.
- Cars must be well-maintained or they leak oil, gasoline, antifreeze on streets, parking lots and driveways. Using public transportation is a good idea, so is riding a bicycle. Additionally, simply planning your errands and auto routes so that you accomplish your auto activities efficiently helps.
- When vegetation is removed, soil is subject to erosion. Sediment – eroded soil or gravel, is Oklahoma’s biggest problem for streams and lakes. It is a “bulk” pollutant in that it simply fills the waterway, it covers valuable habitat, sediment particles form a nucleus to which other pollutants adhere, and sediment darkens water, making it more prone to warming. Sediment particles in the water column can abrade sensitive gills and make it difficult for sight-feeding species to catch their prey.
- Traditional farming practices can result in soil erosion due to so much disturbance of the land.
- Animal waste is loaded with nutrients and bacteria. When animals are confined in small spaces, their waste can be a problem. It doesn’t matter whether is is poultry,
- Cattle or pigs
- Placing a feedlot directly at a stream or allowing cattle to access sensitive areas, if care is not taken, can add their waste directly to the stream and increase the amount of sediment.
- Yes, family pets can contribute to our problems. What about our own septic systems? When they are working properly they are fine.
- Getting energy from the earth creates disturbances.
- sediment
- The Riparian area is a zone of natural vegetation along the stream. Agriculture and development should be kept away from the water sensitive stream banks. Riparian areas offer a place for floodwater, roots stabilize banks, and plants filter pollutants from the water. Plus they make a fine travel corridor for wildlife.
- What can be done to reduce the risk of pollution from fertilizers and pesticides? Answer next slide.
- We need to be SAFE if we choose to use chemicals, we should always read the label
- What can be done to reduce yard waste?
- DON’T bag up good grass clipping. No need to fill landfills up with an organic product. Plus it decomposes and adds nutrients back. Helps build soil.
- To help reduce nonpoint source pollutants and conserve water, we can use less toxic chemicals, and we can use native plants. Pest resistant, good for wildlife, need no watering or fertilizer, collect water with rain barrels, make sure our cars are well maintained, recycle at home, use resources conservatively.
- Some places are simply best left undisturbed.
- Sometimes streams are best protected by fencing cattle out of the riparian area and offering them an alternative water source.
- Clean Water Act states…fishable and swimmable
- How do we know if a stream is healthy or not? The Blue Thumb program is based on this concept. We ask you to monitor chemically once a month. Staff will come help you with the biological and physical assessments.
- Volunteers are active with us in chemical monitoring…
- I will cover these three areas with just a little more detail. Chemical monitoring is part of why we offer two day trainings. The site experience and learning the test kits is actually more than half of the training.
- During the warm months, we provide the materials needed for the monitoring of E. coli.
- Twice a year bug collections. 85% are from riffles, with kick net.
- Fish collections are only about once every three to five years. ¼ mile of stream, seine. 150 different fish spp, depends on where you are in the state and how good is the condition of your stream for how many fish might live in creeks you are interested in.
- With every fish collection, we do a complete habitat assessment. Go down the stream recording important measurements about depth, structure, substrate, erosion, riparian area.
- But we are assuming you have done a good job with data collection, and now it is time to let people know!
- We sit down with you, and with a ton on information. So if you are not monitoring regularly, or are unable to help with your macroinvertebrate collections, or you did not have time to work with us to make your fish collection, there are huge holes in your data, and it is really not possible to truly know about your creek. We spend the most time with the people who monitor consistently, who make their stream a priority.
- When was the last time you spent time outdoors? Maybe it is time to plan an outing!