basis of selection, selection methods, strains

1. SELECTION OF BREEDINGSELECTION OF BREEDING
FLOCKFLOCK

2. Objectives of Poultry BreedingObjectives of Poultry Breeding
• To increase annual egg prodution potenial
of hen
• To increase meat production per broiler
• To increase feed conversion efficiency for
more egg and meat per bird
• To increase quality of meat and egg

3. What is selectionWhat is selection
Selection may be defined as a process in
which certain individuals in the population
preferred for the production of next
generation.

4. basis of selectionbasis of selection
• Individual or Mass Selection
• Pedigree Selection
• Family Selection
a) Progeny testing
b) sib testing

5. Individual SelectionIndividual Selection
• Also called as mass selection
• Because the individual is selected
from mass (flock) on its own
phenotypic value and put together in
mass for mating.
• Generally used in broilers and not for
layers because it is affected greatly
by environmental factors.

6. Individual SelectionIndividual Selection
• uses
- effective for high heritable traits
- for the traits expressed in both the sexes. eg:
growth rate, body confirmation and feed
efficiency
• Limitations
- Not useful for low heritable traits.
- Not useful for sex limited traits
- It can’t be practiced for those traits that are
exhibited after sexual maturity e.g. Egg
production

7. Pedigree selectionPedigree selection
• Pedigree is the record of an individual’s
ancestors including parents.
• Birds are selected based on desirable
characters of parents, grand parents,
grand grand parents and colletral
relatives.
• If productive performance is good the
birds are selected.

8. Pedigree selectionPedigree selection
Uses
• Early Selection for the traits which are
expressed only after sexual maturity.
• to select individuals for sex limited
traits.
• Least expensive
• for detecting carriers of recessive
genes.
Limitations:
- Pedigree errors may lead to wrong
selection

9. Family SelectionFamily Selection
• Individuals are selected on the
performance of their whole family.
• The sire or dam family averages are
compared to population mean and whole
family is either selected or rejected for
higher or lower means, respectively.
• This system involves two types of
selection
1) progeny testing
2) sib testing

10. Family SelectionFamily Selection
• Better than individual selection for low
heritable traits.
• Can be used for sex limited traits.
-- Disadvantages
• Superior animals get eliminated
because of poor family mean.

11. Progeny selectionProgeny selection
• The individual is selected on the basis of
performance of it’s progeny i.e sons and
daughters.
• The biggest problem with this system is
the time consumed to obtain performance
values of progeny.

12. Progeny selectionProgeny selection
Advantages:
• is useful for the selection of sex-limited
characters.
• for the selection of low heritable traits.
• Useful for testing recessive traits.
• Useful for the selection of slaughter traits.
Limitations:
• Highly expensive.
• It increases generation interval

13. Sib testingSib testing
• Sisters and brothers of individual are
called as sibs.
• To avoid time consuming problem in
progeny testing, individuals are selected
on the basis of performance and
appearance of their brothers and sisters.

14. Selection MethodsSelection Methods
• Tandem method
• Independent culling levels
• selection Index

15. Tandem methodTandem method
• Selection of only one trait at a time for
improvement till satisfactory level of
improvement in it
• Selection efforts are then relaxed for this trait
and concentrated on second trait, and so on.
• The improvement is simaltaneous for traits
which are positively correlated and vice versa for
nagatively correlated.
• Time consuming method.

16. Independent culling levelsIndependent culling levels
• Selection of many traits can be done at a
time or simultaneously by setting up
minimum standard level for each trait.
• Any individual below of any one or more
levels is culled irrespective of meritorius
performance in other traits.

17. selection Indexselection Index
• Also called total score method
• Each trait is given weightage depending
on its economic importance, heritability
and inter-relationships ( genetic and
phenotypic) among traits.
• The score index of each trait is added to
arrive at total score index
• More efficient method compared to others

18. Methods of MatingMethods of Mating
• Flock mating : common method of mating used most of
the breeding practices.
• About 20-30 males run with 250-300 females in flock in
separate pens for each male.
• Pen mating: more number of females are allowed to
mate with single male in small flock.
• Stud mating: the male is housed in a pen and females
are individually kept one by one with male for mating
time only and removed.
• Shift mating: males are shifted from one pen to another
certain period of time.
• Artificial insemination

19. • Breed: Refers to group of individuals with
a common ancestry and having similarity
in shape,confirmation, growth,
temperament, shell colour and breed true
to type.

20. • Variety is a subdivision of breed and is used to
differentiated by plumage colour and comb type
from other groups of the same breed.
• Strain: with in a variety some special
characteristics or parameters are emphasized
more to get better results i.e to increase early
maturity, to increase egg production, size of
eggs, to improve weight gain.

21. Breeding principlesBreeding principles
• Breeder stock is maintained by main
hatcheries.They practice pure line
breeding.
• They supply parent lines to franchise
hatcheries.
• These parent lines are crossed to produce
commercial stock.

22. Layer Breeding StockLayer Breeding Stock
• Pure line breeding (AXA ,BXB)
• Single cross (AXB)
• Two way cross (AXB, BXA, CXD, DXC)
• Three way cross (ABX C)
• Four way cross( AB X C D)(Commercial
chicks)

23. Broiler BreedersBroiler Breeders
Male lines
Cornish,Synthetic
population
(cornish, Rock,
Hampshire)
Female lines
Rock /New hampshire
and their strain
crosses

24. Commercial layers
- Babcock
- Hyline
- Bovans
- Deklab
- Hisex
- Lohmann
- Poona Pearls
- Sonali(brown)
- ,Roopali (white)
Commercial broilers –
Hygrow
- Hubbard
- Ross
-Cobb-100
- Cobb-300
- Cobb-400

25. Economic traits in breedersEconomic traits in breeders
LAYERS
• Fertility
• Hatchability
• Viability
• Part and Annual egg
production(40,64,72wks
of age)
• Egg quality traits
• Feed efficiency
• persistency
BROILERS
• Body wts at various
ages
• Feed efficiency
• Fertility
• Hatchability
• Viability
• Slaughter traits

26. Economic traits in poultryEconomic traits in poultry
Trait Heritability Selection
Body wts Medium to
high
Individual
Egg production Medium Osborne's
index selection
Egg quality
traits
High Independent
culling
Feed efficiency high Mass
ASM Low P.S

27. Poultry breeding research in IndiaPoultry breeding research in India
• Major emphasis was given in 4th
five year plan.
• AICRP centres for Layers
- Hyderabad
- Jabalpur
- Anand
- Mannuthy
- CARI, Izat nagar

28. PDPPDP
• Evolved layer cross “KRISHILAYER” at PDP
producing 270 eggs in 72 weeks.
• Evolved broiler cross “KRISHIBRO” at PDP
attaining weight of 1500g at 6 weeks of age.
• Evolved and released layer crosses viz. ILI-80,
ILM-90 and ILR-90, with egg laying capacity of
280 – 290 eggs with standard size egg weight
under AICRP for commercial exploitation.

29. • Evolved and released broiler crosses viz. B-77,
IBL-80, IBB-83 and IBI-91 with a potential to
attain above 1500g body weight at 6 weeks of
age under AICRP for commercial exploitation.
• Developed dual purpose crosses viz.
“VANARAJA” and “GRAMAPRIYA” for rural
backyard poultry production.

30. Breeds released by AICRPSBreeds released by AICRPS
• Anand- Anand I, II
• Hyderabad – ILR Jubilee
• Bhuvaneswar- Kalinga coloured
• CARI- CARI Priya
• Mumbai – Desi DpI,DPII

31. Role of private sectorRole of private sector
• Venkateswara Hatcheries-BV 300
• Pioneer breeding farms- Bovans
• Other breeds present in india
- Ross (UK)
- Hybro (Netherlands)
- Hubbard (USA)
- Avian (USA)
- Anak(Israel)