This document outlines a research proposal on designing informal mobile collaborative learning objects using mobile smart devices in higher education institutions. The research questions examine the current state of informal mobile collaborative learning, appropriate learning activities/objects, the role of smart mobile devices, and how informal mobile learning can be conducted in higher education contexts. If conducted, the study would develop a framework for creating mobile collaborative learning objects to support informal learning activities and complement formal education. It would extend theories of mobile learning and provide models for implementing informal mobile collaborative learning.
1. Hasnain Zafar
hasnainzafar@ieee.org
Supervisions :
AP Dr. Azizah and Dr. Noorminshah
2. Content
Introduction
Research Background
Problem Statement, Research Questions, & Objectives
Scope & Significance of Study
Literature Review
Conceptual Framework
Research Design
Preliminary Study
Conclusion
4. Learning Object (LO)
Introduced Gerard (1967); Electronically applied
Wayne Hogins (1994)
A learning object is "a collection of content
items, practice items, and assessment items that are
combined based on a single learning objective".
Beck, Robert J. (2009)
"any digital resource that can be reused to support
learning" David A. Wiley (2000)
"any entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for
learning, education or training". (IEEE)
Learning
Activities
content context
LO
5. Example of LO
Content
Chicken Curry Recipe
Ingredients
LA
½ kg chicken
Instructions
100 ml onion paste
Fry onion paste in oil to light brown. Add
50 ml. yogurt
Ginger (Adrak), Garlic (Lehsan)
1 tsp. coriander (Dhaniya) powder
paste, yogurt, Coriander Seeds (Dhaniya)
3 to 4 tsp salt (to taste)
¼ tsp. turmeric (Haldi) powder Context
powder, chili powder, Turmeric (Haldi)
English class
powder, tomato, and salt.
1 tsp chili (Lal Mirch) powder Physic class
Cooking class
Mix and fry briefly and then add the chicken.
1 tsp. garlic (Lehsan) paste
Mix it and let it cook for 10-15 minutes till the
1 tsp. ginger (Adrak) paste
chicken becomes tender and the desired
100 ml. oil
consistency of curry is achieved. (add water
1 to 1½ tsp. salt (as per taste)
only to have the required consistency)
100 ml. tomato - ground
1-2 green chilies -chopped
6. Zonal Proximal Development (ZPD)
Things
I can’t
do
Things I Can do
Things I can do
with little support
(Vygotsky 1920)
7.
8. Problem statement back ground
Real challenge for the educators, instructional
designers, and technology developers of the future is to
ensure that new learning should be highly situated,
personal, collaborative, and long term; in other words,
truly learner-centred learning.
A substantial issue, including conflicts between
informal learning with personal mobile devices and
traditional classroom education.
Emerging learning landscape.
Naismith(2004), Lonsdale(2004), Vavoula & Sharples (2007, 2010), Skipol (2010)
9. Components of Learning Landscape
Learning Landscape Context Technical tools
Features
Acting Thrown in task Devices
Conceptualizing & Coping with Social Mobile phones
adapting
Reflecting Projecting Class room Wiki , Google doc.
Sharing and Spaces for outdoor etc
Producing communication
etc etc etc
Adapted from Spikol (2010)
10. “How to design informal mobile learning object
using mobile smart devices in HE institutions?”
Research Question Objective
1. How informal MCL is being 1.To investigate the current status of
practiced? Informal MCL.
2. What are the appropriate 2. To identify appropriate learning
learning activities/objects for activities/objects for informal
informal MCL? MCL.
3. What is the role of smart mobile 3. To design new learning activities
device in informal CL? supported by mobile smart
devices for Informal CL.
4. How informal MCL will be 4. Develop framework for
conducted in context of HE? conducting Informal MCL in HE.
11. Significance of Research
Extend the theories of learning and
Utilization of model for implementation of
MSD for mobile Informal mobile collaborative
informal learning learning.
Handle the conflicts between informal learning
will reduce the with personal mobile devices and traditional
pedagogical gap classroom education.
Conceptualization of context, LO, LA and MSD to informal
learning and formal learning
12. Scope of the study
•Development of MCL Object
to support Informal learning •Informal learning service provider and support
activities focus to current mode of learning to university
pedagogy, Context and students. Which Complements the formal
learning theory. learning.
•To address new learning
Landscape suitable for Mobile
smart devices.
•To deliver informal and life-long
learning, alongside conventional structured
formal learning.
•Not looking into technical performance of mobile
smart devices.
13. Literature Review
Mobile
Collaborative
Mobile Smart Collaborative Mobile Mobile learning object
devices learning learning learner
(MCLO)
Collaborative
Hand held learning
/Mobile Devices Learning Vygotsky (1978) ZPD
Distance Mobile devices
Memex (1945 Bush) education 1700 Communication
Computer vanish into Open , collaboration (Klopfer
background (weiser universities 2002)
1991) 1969 MLO (Quinn 2002)
Tablets, Smart devices Formal CSCL (Zurita 2007; 2010)
Informal Mobile Society (Sharple
Mobile 2010)
Mobility as new landscape
(Skipol 2010)
14. Author ; Year Instrument /Method Brief explanation
Engestrom AT Study AT organizational
(1996,1987,2007,2010) activities
Edwards, A. (2011) AT Work related learning,
Expensive learning , learning
Context
Kurti, Spikol (2010) Learning Activities Indoor and outdoor LA,
Serendipity , Learning
landscape in School
Sharple (2007,2010) AT , LO Language learning , HCI
Zurita (2010) MCSCL , AT Conceptual framework , Maths
Park (2011) transactional distance (TD) Mobile learning link to
theory distance learning
Sharples, Taylor, & Vavoula, AT,CT Mobile learning , CSCL
(2005); Uden, (2007); Zurita &
Nussbaum, (2007),
Kukulska-Hulme & Traxler, Review of Mobile learning Mobile devices in Distance
(2005) learning
15. Mobile Learning Objects success factors
Diana René Cruz (2008) (Jones, Issroff
Laurillard CSCL LO Mobile et al., 2007;
(2008) Sharples, 2007)
Exploration Support activity Interoperability Personalization Collaboration
group
Investigation Face-to-face Reusability Adaptation Continuity
communication between context
Sharing Collaboration Accessibility Mobility control (over
awareness goals)
Recording, Mutual support Durability Portability learning-in-
capturing data
context
Building, making, Remote Granularity Wireless
modeling
communication connection
Discussion Adaptability
18. Multi activity ,Multi role , Multi
Context
O1 O2
Activity O3 Activity
1 II
Activity
III
19. Research Design
Research Paradiagm
Desgin Paradiagm – Post Positivists
Research Approach
Quntitative and Qualitative Research
Research Strategy
Desing Sceince
Research Method
Survey, Interview
Theoritical Framework
• Rresearch Method including :
• Activity Theory accomplish Objective 2 ,3& 4
Research Design
Details Next slide
23. (Tools)Instruction,
training ,community
knowledge & experience,
other technologies
To integrate
New User
New tool new tool to
(Subjects)
(objectives) other activities
(outcome)
Governing how new (Community)
Provision of
tool will be used; why Facilitator, other technology
training; technology
it was introduced users; technology
support etc.
(Rules) designers& implementers-
(Division of labor)
contribute to “narratives of
use’
Waycott, 2004
24. (Tools)Technological,
Mobile phone/Pocket
PC/Notebook/PDAs
Changed
Technologica
New LO object(Revised
l Subjects
(Technological knowledge &
(User)
object) skills)
(outcome)
Technological Control (Community)
Technological
(Usability of device; Search , Navigate , variety
Communication
access to materials) of devices
(Wifi, Chat etc)
Technological LO Appropriation
27. Preliminary Study
Objective 1:To explore the
Activity Theory Framework
current status of Informal Published three papers and
CL
book chapter on perception of
E/Mobile learning
Objective2:. To identify Conceptual Framework
appropriate learning
activities/learning Key Factors for MCILO
objects for informal
MCL
Next Tasks:
Objective3:. To design
MCILO factors validity check
new learning Design pilot study
experiences supported
by mobile smart Conducting the pilot study
devices for Informal
CL.
Published article for sharing
results.
28. Conclusion
Current status of MCIL is less collaborative
, interactive and situated.
Design the MCIL from the first objective of
research.
Test MCILO in real situations.
Mlearning: Mobile learning, as defined by the researcher, involves the use of wireless enabled mobile digital devices (Wireless Mobile Devices or WMD’s) within and between pedagogically designed learning environments or contexts. MLearning: Why? What? Where? How?A: Lerner Centric ….AthelicThere are more than 100 million active users currently accessing Facebook through their mobile devices.People that use Facebook on their mobile devices are twice more active on Facebook than non-mobile users.There are more than 200 mobile operators in 60 countries working to deploy and promote Facebook mobile productsSource: Tech CrunchDetails: http://thetechjournal.com/internet/social-community/people-use-facebook-44-and-twitter-29-for-social-sharing.xhtml#ixzz1eS6ax2aGC: Device centric …….class room learning B: Blended.
Recipe garlic, spinach, and chickpea soup…………..if just the list of components even with quantity still its not learning object once we add the directions it becomes learning object…..can be used for cooking class , Can use as measurement exercise, Nutrition and language teacher can use it as reading lesson. Multimedia learning objectChunk of educational content
Make it statement not questions Daniel research question” How can we design new learning experiences supported by mobile and ubiquitous technologies?Need to design learning experiences…Using the theory and how to design the learning activities. Mlearning to go …..first project. Master and slaves ……….group collabotiveLocal communities treasure hunt games using mastery multi skillsQualitative data. Interaction of physical activity and education/learning activity.Reflection and running game project is great. Player and teacher able to review and track the tree. Library of scenarios. Enable teacher and student to pick some task on map. Post game visualization.Third project lets go….how this project is difference……Set of design and technical requirement to support emerge ring learning landscapes. Core activities/features are acting , reflecting and producing and sharing. How student learn once they throw into scenarios and how they cope once they are in the
Learning landscape how learners interact with technologies and artefacts they create offers a new perspective on how to better desing learning activities/objects ( Çakir, M. P., & Stahl, G. (2008)) Skipol2010Research will explore and identify current status of mobile informal learning using smart device in higher institution. Allow researchers to understand the key factors for Informal mobile collaborative learning objects.Research will reduce the pedagogical gap between learner, content and instructors by producing innovative and effective MCLO. Extend the theories of learning and model for implementation of Informal mobile collaborative learning.Introduce Quantitative instruments to identify the level of mobile learning in higher education institution.Research will provide new ways to integrate mobile smart devices to education and learning which will create more opportunities for mobile device manufacturers to invent new innovative devices.In addition this research contributes to literature exploring learners utilization of mobile smart devices to complete their learning activities in various context which is limited in the literature.