This document provides an overview of the MIS-104 Computing Fundamentals course at the University of Dhaka. It includes the course outline, books recommended, and introductions to key topics like the characteristics, uses and history of computers. It also summarizes the five generations of computers based on their hardware, programming languages, memory and other features. The generations progressed from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to modern microprocessors. Classification of computers is also briefly outlined based on size, data processing capabilities, and other factors.

1. WELCOME

2. MIS – 104:
Computing
Fundamentals
BBA
Department of MIS
University of Dhaka

3. 3
Books
1.Introduction to Computer
Peter Norton
2. Computer Fundamentals
Dr. M Lutfar Rahman
3. Computer Fundamentals
Pradeep K. Sinha

4. 4
Course Outline
1. Computer:
Introduction
Characteristics
Use (Specially in Business)
History
Generation
2. Classification of Computer:
• Size & volume of data processing
– Micro, mini, mainframe, super
• Working principle
– Analog, digital, hybrid
• Purpose of use
– Special purpose, general purpose

5. 5
Introduction
• ORIGIN:
– The word `COMPUTER`comes from `COMPUTE`
means `to calculate`and computer means
`calculating machine`
• DEFINITION:
– computer is an automatic electronic device which
store,retrives & process data to show necessary
results.
– Cannot think but carry out instructions using 0 & 1

6. Characteristics

7. 7
Characteristics of Computer
• Speed:
– Execute command within fraction of second.Data
Processing Unit-MIPS(Millions Of Instructions Per
Second)
• Volume of data:
– 01TB HDD is using even in normal desktop, but size
remains as it was.
• Versatility:
– Like `ONE MAN ARMY`.One machine but can do a lot of
works.
• Repetitiveness:
– Scheduled task needn`t any further command.

8. 8
Characteristics continues ……
• Diligence:
– For a long time working it needn`t any rest. Ex- DU
admission process (OMR checking, preparation of the
results)
• Accuracy:
– Operator/programmer commits but a computer doesn't
mistake.
– Ex- `G. Kasparov` VS `Deep Blue`
• Complexity:
– Can perform complex and problem solving task easily
which is quite impossible for mankind.

9. Use of Computer

10. 10
Uses of computer (Business Purpose)
• Invention:
– Invention of high performing machineries to increase production.
• Quality control:
– Accurate maintenance of quality & quantity by computer.
• Management Information Systems:
– To create & maintain the large database with a lot of
information.
• Statistics:
– To get the best statistics among databases of organization.

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Uses continues…..
• Prediction:
– Future prediction about business & helps to make better
decisions.
• Design:
– New products designing become easier with the help of computer.
• Maintenance of organization:
– To maintain a vast business organization better than past.
• Business communication:
– Computer become a base station for communication through
E-MAIL,VIDEO CONFERENCE,WEBSITE etc.
• Trading:
– Like E-bay,Amazon.com etc.different online computerized
services evolved for easy buy & sale.

12. Assignment:
History of Computer

13. Computer Generation

14. 14
Generation of computer
• Definition:
– Generation of computer means gradual
development of key features of computer (like
hardware,software,input or output devices
and other specialties) in different periods after
the invention of computer.
• Generations:
– Observing all the developments; generations
are divided into 05 categories.

15. 15
First generation:(1942-1959)
• Prime Hardware: Bulky Vacuum tube
• Input device: Punch card & Paper tape
• Memory unit: Magnetic drum/core
• Programming language: Machine
language, employing combination of 0&1

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Problems of First generation
• Preservation of machine due to it's massive
size and shape.
• Low data storage capacity.
• Heat problem.
• Slow speed
• Vacuum tubes are unreliable & inefficient in
operations.
• Power consumption is very high. Each tube
half a watt.
• Requires constant maintenance.

17. 17
Examples of First generation
• EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Machine
• ACE: Automatic Computer Engine
• EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer
• LEO: Lyons Electronic Office
• UNIVAC: UNIVersal Accounting Computer
• ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
• IBM 650, IBM 704, IBM 705, IBM 709, Mark II, Mark III.

18. 18
Second generation:(1960-1965)
• Hardware: Transistor introduced
• Input device: Punch card & Paper tape
• Memory unit: Magnetic disc/Magnetic core
• Programming language: machine or
Assembly language.
• Data transfer: High speed & through Tele-
communication

19. 19
Other features of second generation
• Business oriented computer system
• Heat problem solved
• These were first computer that stored their instructions
in the memory
• Smaller in size and less expensive.
• Less power consumption. One-tenth of tube.
• Less heat produced.
• Faster and large primary and secondary storage and
IO devices.

20. 20
Examples of second generation
• IBM-1400,IBM-1600,IBM-1620
• RCA-301,RCA-501
• CDC-1604
• NCR-300
• HONEYWELL-200
• GE-200

21. 21
Third generation:(1965-1971)
• Hardware: Mainly prepared with `IC`. Transistor
was miniaturized and placed on `silicon chips`
called `semiconductors`.
• Programming language: High level
• Memory: Semiconductor memory unit
• Input device: Keyboard introduced
• Output device: Monitor introduced
• Data transfer: High speed Satellite
communication

22. 22
Other features of third generation
• VDU (Video Display Unit) and `Line printers`
introduced
• Interfaced with an `Operating systems`
• Computers for the first time become accessible to a
mass people
• Could run different applications at the same time
• Smaller in size and less expensive than 2nd
generation.
• Less power consumption than 2nd generation
• Faster and large primary and secondary storage than
2nd generation.

23. 23
Examples of Third generation
• PDP-08,PDP-11
• IBM-360,IBM-370
• GE-600

24. 24
Fourth generation:(1971-PRESENT TIME)
• Hardware: Microprocessor based computer, VLSI-(Very
Large Scale Integration)
• Memory: Concept of `virtual storage` introduced in the
memory
• Programming: Object oriented programming (C++) and
application Package programming (DOS,MS Office)
• Introduction of `CD ROM` and `DVD ROM`
• Customize software development
• Semiconductor storage devices were introduced.

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Other features of Fourth generation
• Totally General purpose machine .
• Smaller in size and less expensive than 3rd generation.
• More powerful and reliable.
• Faster and large primary and secondary storage than 3rd
generation.
• High speed network developed
• Interactive computer graphics was seen for the first time in
the computer
• Development of Mouse & Handheld devices

26. 26
Examples of Fourth generation
• Apple Macintosh
• IBM-3033,IBM-4341
• PARAM
• HP-3000
• TRS-80
• SHARP-1211
• Traditional Desktop, Palmtop, Laptop, PDA

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Fifth generation: (Present & Beyond)
• Hardware: Multi-processor & Parallel Processing
• AI-(Artificial Intelligence)
• Memory: Magnetic Bubble Memory
• Voice recognition, Voice command, Talking
machine
• Use of `Super VLSI` or GSI and `optical fiber` in
the computer circuit
• `Quantum computation`, `Molecular` &
`Nanotechnology`
• Will be capable of reasoning, learning, making
inferences and behaving like human.

28. Question...???

29. Break…..
Next Topic:
Classification of computer

30. 30
• On the basis of Size & Data process
– Microcomputer
– Minicomputer
– Mainframe Computer
– Super Computer
Classification of computer