adverbs

1. Adverbs

2. AdverbsAdverbs modifymodify
verbsverbs
adjectivesadjectives
other adverbsother adverbs
quantifiersquantifiers
andand
whole sentenceswhole sentences

3. Adverbs of Purpose
She drives her boat slowly to avoid hitting the rocks.
She shops in several stores to get the best buys.
Kinds of Adverbs
Adverbs of Manner
She moved slowly and spoke quietly
Adverbs of Place
She has lived on the island all her life.
She still lives there now.
Adverbs of Frequency
She takes the boat to the mainland every day.
She often goes by herself.
Adverbs of Time
She tries to get back before dark.
It's starting to get dark now.
She finished her tea first.
She left early.

4. There is a basic order in which adverbs will appear when there is more than
one. It is similar to The Royal Order of Adjectives, but it is even more flexible.
THE ROYAL ORDER OF ADVERBS
Verb Manner Place Frequency Time Purpose
Beth swims enthusiastically
in the
pool
every
morning
before dawn to keep in shape.
Dad walks impatiently
into
town
every
afternoon
before
supper
to get a
newspaper.
My
grandma
naps
in her
room
every
morning
before
lunch.
In actual practice, of course, it would be highly unusual to have a string of adverbial modifiers beyond two or three (at the most). Because the placement of
adverbs is so flexible, one or two of the modifiers would probably move to the beginning of the sentence: "Every afternoon before supper, Dad impatiently walks
into town to get a newspaper." When that happens, the introductory adverbial modifiers are usually set off with a comma.
POSITION OF ADVERBSPOSITION OF ADVERBS

5. POSITION OF ADVERBSPOSITION OF ADVERBS
One of the hallmarks of adverbs is their ability to move around in a sentence.
Adverbs of manner are particularly flexible in this regard.
Solemnly the minister addressed her congregation.
The ministerThe minister solemnlysolemnly addressed her congregation.addressed her congregation.
The minister addressed her congregationThe minister addressed her congregation solemnlysolemnly..
After the verb + objectAfter the verb + object
I readI read the articlethe article slowlyslowly
The followingThe following adverbs of frequencyadverbs of frequency appear in various points in these sentences:appear in various points in these sentences:
Before the main verb:Before the main verb: II nevernever get up before nine o'clock.get up before nine o'clock.
Between the auxiliary verb and the main verb:Between the auxiliary verb and the main verb:
I haveI have rarelyrarely written to my brother without a good reason.written to my brother without a good reason.
Before the verbBefore the verb used to:used to: II alwaysalways used to see him at his summer home.used to see him at his summer home.
Indefinite adverbs of timeIndefinite adverbs of time can appear either before the verb or between thecan appear either before the verb or between the
auxiliary and the main verb:auxiliary and the main verb:
HeHe finallyfinally showed up for batting practice.showed up for batting practice.
She hasShe has recentlyrecently retired.retired.

6. (Notice, though, that when enough functions as an
adjective, it can come before the noun:
Did she give us enough time?
The adverb enough is often followed by an infinitive:
She didn't run fast enough to win.
• .
Some Special Cases
The adverbs ENOUGH and NOT ENOUGH usually take a
postmodifier position:
Is that music loud enough?
These shoes are not big enough.
In a roomful of elderly people, you must remember
to speak loudly enough.

7. The adverb TOOTOO comes before adjectives and other adverbs:
She ran too fast.
She works too quickly.
If too comes after the adverb it is probably a disjunct (meaning also) and
is usually set off with a comma:
Yasmin works hard. She works quickly, too.
The adverb TOO is often followed by an infinitive:
She runs too slowly to enter this race.
Another common construction with the adverb too is too followed by a
prepositional phrase — for + the object of the preposition — followed by
an infinitive:
This milk is too hot for a baby to drink

8. HOW TO FORM ADVERBS
IN MOST CASES –LY IS SIMPLY ADDED TO THE POSITIVE
FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
MANNER
BAD BADLY
CLEAR CLEARLY
QUICK QUICKLY
COMPLETE COMPLETELY
SURPRISING SURPRISINGLY
SUDDEN SUDDENLY

9. 2. ADJECTIVES ENDING IN –IC : When the
adjective ends in –IC the syllable –AL is added
before the –ly ending
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
MANNER
DRASTIC DRASTICALLY
FRANTIC FRANTICALLY
SPECIFIC SPECIFICALLY
MAGIC MAGICALLY
ARTISTIC ARTISTICALLY
TRAGIC TRAGICALLY

10. ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
MANNER
SIMPLE SIMPLY
PREFERABLE PREFERABLY
GENTLE GENTLY
CAPABLE CAPABLY
NOBLE NOBLY
POSIBLE POSIBLY
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -LEADJECTIVES ENDING IN -LE.: When the adjective.: When the adjective
ends inends in --LE--LE preceded by a consonsant , the finalpreceded by a consonsant , the final ––
ee is usually changed tois usually changed to -y-y

11. ..ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -LEADJECTIVES ENDING IN -LE. PRECEDED BY A VOWEL When. PRECEDED BY A VOWEL When
the adjective ends inthe adjective ends in --LE--LE preceded by a vowel , we simply addpreceded by a vowel , we simply add
-LY-LY
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
MANNER
DEFINITE DEFINITELY
COMPLETE COMPLETELY
APPROXIMATE APPROXIMATELY
APPROPIATE APPROPATELY
AGILE AGILELY
DELIBERATE DELIBERATELY

12. ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -YADJECTIVES ENDING IN -Y PRECEDED BY A CONSOSANT When thePRECEDED BY A CONSOSANT When the
adjective ends inadjective ends in --Y--Y preceded by a consonant , the -y is usually changedpreceded by a consonant , the -y is usually changed
to -I beforeto -I before -LY-LY
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
MANNER
LUCKY LUCKILY
HAPPY HAPPILY
EASY EASILY
ANGRY ANGRILY
READY READILY
VOLUNTARY VOLUNTARILY
EXCEPTION:EXCEPTION:
ADJECTIVES WITH ONEADJECTIVES WITH ONE
SYLLABLESYLLABLE
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
MANNER
SHY SHYLY
GAY GAYLY
SLY SLYLY
COY COYLY

13. ADJECTIVES ENDING INADJECTIVES ENDING IN –LL–LL ONLYONLY –Y–Y IS ADDEDIS ADDED
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
MANNER
DULL DULLY
FULL FULLY
SHRILL SHRILLY

14. Many adverbs do not end in –ly.
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
MANNER
FAST FAST
HARD HARD
LITTLE LITTLE
LOUD LOUD/LOUDLY
MUCH MUCH
STRAIGHT STRAIGHT
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
PLACE
FAR FAR
HIGH HIGH
LOW LOW
NEAR NEAR
WIDE WIDE
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
TIME
EARLY EARLY
FIRST FIRST
LATE LATE
LONG LONG
ADJECTIVE ADVERB OF
FREQUENCY
DAILY DAILY
MONTHLY MONTHLY
WEEKLY WEEKLY
YEARLY YEARLY

15. THESE ADVERBS ARE CLOSELY RELATED BUT
HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS
ADVERB MEANING ADVERB MEANING
HARD With effort HARDLY scarcely
HIGH Opposite of
low
HIGHLY VERY
LATE Opposite of
early
LATELY recently
NEAR Opposite of
far
NEARLY almost
WIDE Opposite of
narrow
WIDELY commonly

16. Position of adverb of place:
After the main verb when there is no
object, or after verb + object
Direction adverbs always come after a
pronoun object
We left her here .
We took the children back
We gave back the money.
We took it back.

17. 1.Adverbs of time tell when something
happens
Yesterday, tomorrow, afterwards, now, early, late,
then
2. Position of adverbs of time
At the beginning or at the end of the clause
Early and late go at the end
Yesterday, I took the children to the movies.
I took the children to the movies yesterday.
I went home early.
She came late.

18. Position of adverbs of frequency
After the subject and be
She is always hungry..
Before other main verbs
She always comes late
Adverbs ofAdverbs of frequencyfrequency
howhow oftenoften something happenssomething happens
always, usually, often,sometimes, seldom, neveralways, usually, often,sometimes, seldom, never

19. Adverbs of possibility tell how
sure we are about something
certainly, definitely, probably,
perhaps, maybe, possibly

20. Position of
adverbs of
possibility
Perhaps and maybe are at the
beginning of the sentence
The others go after the subject and
be but before other main verbs

21. Perhaps we should eat in the
cafeteria today.
I certainly want you in the next
class.

22. Adverbs of degree make the
word they modify stronger or
weaker.
Extremely, too, very, so, really,
quite, enough, almost, hardly

23. Position of adverbs of degree
Adverbs of degree are placed before the word they modify
You work too hard
Enough comes after the word it modifies
She doesn’t try hard enough.
They are also called intensifiers. They
modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs and
quantifiers
I don’t eat very much.
You almost failed the exam.
You don’t sleep enough

24. Hard
and
Hardly
He works hard.
He is a hard worker.
He hardly works.

25. So
and
Such
She is so nice.
She is such a nice girl.

26. 1. His face was dirty and he was dressed ----------------------.(manner)
2. Have you---------------- ---------------------- been in a plane? (frequency)
3. She was so ill that she missed school -------------------------. (duration)
4. I did some homework last night and finished it--------------------.
(time)
5. We went--------------------------------- to play. (place)
6. Dad takes the dog for a walk ------------------------------. (frequency)
7. Sally left her pencil case--------------------------------- . (place)
8. Speak -----------------------------so everyone can hear you. (manner)
9. It was a fine day and the children played in the garden ------.
(duration)
10. “Go and do your homework.” “I’ve------------------------done it.”
(time)
(outside this morning ever on the bus clearly
all day in old clothes for a week already every day)
Try this exercise :
in old
clothes
ever
for a
week
this morning
outside
everyday
on the bus
clearly
all day
already

27. The end!