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1. Emerging Trends in Probiotics
Research For Human Health
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education

2. Probiotics concept
“Probiotics are living microorganisms which upon ingestion in
sufficient numbers, exert health benefits beyond basic nutrition.”
Intensive research area in the world……..
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3. Probiotics health benefits
Elimination of lactose intolerance
Anti-diarrheal
Immunomodulatory
Antidiabetic
Anticarcinogenic
Hypocholesterolemic
Antihypertensive
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4. Probiotics microorganisms
• Lactic acid producing bacteria
Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium
• Yeast
• Others
Commercially available products may contain
pure and combined cultures of:
• Lactobacillus
• Bifidobacterium
• Streptococcus
• Pedicococcus
• Aspergillus
• Bacillus
Probitocs consist specific microbial cultures and/ or ingredients that
stimulate gut micro flora capable of modifying the gastrointestinal
environment which keeps the host healthy
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5. Probiotics attributes
 Acid tolerance
 Bile tolerance
 Cell surface hydrophobicity
 Protoplast regeneration
 Antimicrobial activity
 Cholesterol removal and bile salt deconjugation
 Gut colonization
 Lactose removal
 Protease and aminopeptidase activity
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6. Improvements for survival of probiotics
Microincapsulation : Entrapment of micro-organisms with artificial/ biological membranes/
supports/ coverings
Prebiotics : Addition of prebiotics such as inulin, fructo-oligosacchrides etc.
Other food supplements : Addition of other food additives such as fibres, vitamins etc.
Heat from pelleting and long storage of products may render the non
viability of the product. For improving the survival of probiotic cultures
following practices has been applied….
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7. Prebiotics
“Prebiotics are non-digestible but fermentable oligosaccharides
that are specifically designed to change the composition and
activity of the intestinal microbiota with prospect to promote
the health of the host.”
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8. Synbiotics
“A synbiotics is a combination of one or more probiotics
and prebiotics.”
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9. Purported mechanisms of action
Bacteriocin
Bioactive peptides
Short chain fatty acids
Neutralization of
dietary carcinogens
Free amino acids
Organic acids
β-Galactosidase activity
Oligosaccharides
Cholesterol assimilation
Survival and adhesion
competitions with
pathogenic bacteria
Antioxidant
ImmunostimulatoryProbiotics
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10. L
APC
IgA
Tumors
Th0
Th1
B
IL-2 ↑
IFN- γ ↑
Th2
Antibody
mediated
response
Cell
mediated
response
Viruses
TGF-β↓
IL-4 ↓
IL-10 ↓
+
IL-2 ↑
IFN-γ ↑
TNF-α ↑
IFN-α ↑
Natural killer cells ↑
Macrophages ↑
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ↑
LL
L
Immune Response
M
Intestinal Epithelium
Microorganisms
B
IgG ↑
IgM ↑
IgE ↓
Non-adhesive Adhesive
M = M cells of intestinal epithelium
L = Lymphocytes
APC = Antigen presenting cells
Th = T-helper cells
IL = Interleukines
TGF = Tumour growth factor
IFN = Interferon
TNF = Tumour necrosis factor
Ig = Immunoglobulin
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11. Current trends
 Anticarcinogenic: Colon, breast and others
 Antidiabetic
 Anti-allergic
 Anti-inflammatory Diseases: IBD, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn
disease, Pouchitis and Post-
operative complications
 Genetically modified probiotics
 Oral vaccine development
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12. Future perspectives
 Elucidate the physiological role and mechanism of action probiotics
 Extent of influence of probiotics in human health using human feeding studies
 Studies on human populations for colon cancer or cancer recurrence
 Validate markers used for assessing probiotic function. Testing of predictions
based on biomarker studies with actual results in human clinical evaluation is
needed. Biomarker validated in the areas of immune system, cancer and gut
microbiology is especially important. Once validated biomarkers will be useful
tools to assess the dose dependence and strain specific responses.
 Assess effects of probiotics on populations and activity of gut microbes. The
application of gene based methods holds much promise in this field.
 Improve reliability and ease of taxonomic classification of probiotic bacteria.
Improve strain performance and activity.www.indiandentalacademy.com

13. Institutes Engaged for Probiotics Research in India
Central Food Technology and Research Institute, Mysore
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh
National Dairy Development Board, Anand
Nestle Pvt Ltd, Panipat
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14. Eat Probiotics foods, live healthy life
So…..
Eat the “good bugs” every day……….
Invite them in………..
You will find they make very friendly
houseguests.
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