synopsis presentation

2. SPEAKER
Delvadiya Indrajay R.
M.Sc. (Agri.) Student
Reg. No. 2010116027
Major Guide
Dr. K. L. Dobariya
Research Scientist ( Ground nut )
Main Oilseed Research Station.
JAU, Junagadh
Minor Guide
Dr. J. B. Patel
Associate Professor,
Dept. of Seed Science and Technology
JAU, Junagadh.
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY
STUDIES IN CASTOR (Ricinus communis L.)

3. Name of Crop : Castor
Botanical Name : Ricinus communis L.
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Origin : Eastern Africa and Ethiopia
Chromosome No. : 2n = 20
Cross pollination : 5-36%
(http://www.agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid
=3&topicid=2310) and can exceed up to
80% (Savy, 2005)

4. Castor is a very ancient oilseed crop cultivated because of high oil
content of the seeds, which ranges between 42 to 58%. The
castor oil is unique in the sense that 84-90% of it is composed of
a single fatty acid, i.e. ricinoleic acid. Castor seed is the source of
castor oil, colourless to a very pale yellow liquid with mild or no
odour or taste which has over 1000 industrial uses and because
of this its demand increases with increase in industrialization (Ojo
and Bello, 2004).
The oil is used as high quality lubricant because of its property to
remain liquid at low temperature (-320°), and viscous at high
temperatures.

5.  Castor is a highly cross pollinated crop in which, most of
the cultivars have been developed by hybridization
followed by selection.
 The exploitation of heterosis has been an important
breeding tool in castor, which became feasible due to
availability of 100% pistillate lines (Gopani et al., 1968).
 In Gujarat, real breakthrough in castor production has
come with the development and release of hybrids for
commercial cultivation

6. Area, Production and Productivity (2015-16)
Area : 10.35 lakh hectares
Production : 18.24 lakh tonnes
Productivity : 1762 kg/hectare
India
Area : 7.34 lakh hectares
Production : 13.95 lakh tonnes
Productivity : 1900 kg/hectare
Gujarat
(http://www.jau.in/attachments%5Cnaip%5CPrice-forecast-
July2015%5CCastor_PF_at_Kharif_Sowing_English_2015-16.pdf)

7.  The phenomenon of heterosis has proved to be the most important
genetic tool in enhancing the yield of cross pollinated species in
general and castor in particular. With the availability of pistillate
lines in castor, exploitation of hybrid vigour on commercial scale
has become feasible and economical.
 However, information on magnitude of heterosis, specific
combining ability effect of hybrids and type of gene action involved
for inheritance of yield and it's component characters would be
more helpful in selecting appropriate parents, beneficial cross
combinations for commercial exploitation of hybrid vigour and also
in formulating appropriate breeding programme for the
improvement of castor crop
PRACTICAL UTILITY

8.  The information on the nature of gene action would be helpful in
predicting the effectiveness of selection from segregating
materials. A distinct knowledge of the type of gene action, its
magnitude and composition of genetic variance are of
fundamental importance to a plant breeder, which help in
formulating an effective and sound breeding programme.
 Information on combining ability provides guidelines to plant
breeders in selecting the elite parents and desirable cross
combinations to be used in formulation of efficient breeding
programme and at the same time reveals the nature and
magnitude of gene action involved in the inheritance of various
traits.
 Line x Tester analysis suggested by Kempthorne (1957) to analyze
polygenic inherited characters is a useful technique for screening
large number of lines for identifying the best combiners.
PRACTICAL UTILITY

9. OBJECTIVES
The present investigation was attempted to analyze extent of heterosis,
combining ability and gene action through line x tester analysis involving four
female and 20 male lines of castor with following objectives.
1. To estimate heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for seed yield and its
component traits.
2. To estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability
(SCA) effects of the parents and crosses, respectively for seed yield and its
component traits.
3. To estimate the nature and magnitude of gene action involved in the inheritance
of seed yield and its component traits.
4. To identify the potential Parent and crosses for the further breeding programme
and to design Suitable breeding methodology.

10. MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Location : Main Oilseeds Research Station,
Junagadh Agricultural University,
Junagadh
2. Year and season of
experiment
: 1) For development of crosses :
Kharif – 2016-17
2) For evaluation of crosses and parents :
Kharif – 2017-18 (Will be evaluated at
Main O, JAU, Junagadh
3. Design : Randomized Block Design (R.B.D.)
4. Replications : Three
5. Spacing : 120 x 60 cm
6. Plot size : Single row plot of 6 meter length

11. List of genotypes used for crossing
Sr. No. Testers (Male)
1 JI-244
2 JI-390
3 JI-398
4 JI-424
5 JI-426
6 JI-436
7 JI-437
8 SKI-215
9 SKI-327
10 SKI-343
11 SKI-387
12 SKI-392
13 SKI-397
14 SKI-402
15 SKI-405
16 RG-3041
17 RG-3073
18 JC-24
19 PCS-124
20 500-2
Sr. No. Lines (Female)
1 JP-96
2 JP-106
3 SKP-84
4 VP-1
Standard Check
GCH-7

12. Observation to be recorded
 Five competitive plants per each entry in each
replication will be randomly selected before flowering
and tagged for the purpose of recording observations of
different characters except days to first flowering of
primary raceme and days to maturity of primary
raceme and their average will be used in the statistical
analysis.
 Days to flowering of primary raceme and days to
maturity of primary raceme will be recorded on plot
basis.

13. 1. Days to flowering of primary raceme:
Days to flowering of primary raceme will be counted on the
plot basis from the date of sowing to the date on which primary
raceme attains approximately 3 to 5 cm length.
2 Days to maturity of primary raceme
Days required to reach the physiological maturity of primary
raceme from date of sowing will be counted on plot basis.
3. Plant height up to main raceme (cm):
The height of the plant from the base of plant to the base of
primary raceme will be measured in centimeters at the time of
maturity.

14. 4. Number of nodes up to primary raceme:
The total number of nodes from cotyledonary node to the
base of primary raceme will be counted at the time of maturity.
5. Length of primary raceme (cm):
The length from originating node to apex of the primary
raceme in centimeters at maturity will be considered as total
length of main raceme.
6. Effective length of primary raceme (cm):
The length of capsule bearing portion of primary raceme
will be measured in centimeters at the time of harvest.

15. 7. Number of effective branches per plant:
The number of raceme bearing branches will be
considered as effective branches and it will be counted at the
time of maturity.
8. Number of capsules on primary raceme:
The total number of capsules on primary raceme will be
counted at the time of harvest.
9. Shelling out turn (%):
Well mixed 100 g capsules of each plant will be
manually threshed and shelling out turn will be calculated as
per following formula.
Seed Weight (g)
Capsules Weight (g)
× 100Shelling out turn (%) =

16. 10. 100 seed weight (g):
Random sample of 100 seeds will be taken from each plant
and the weight of the each sample will be recorded in grams.
11. Seed yield per plant (g):
The entire effective raceme per plant will be threshed
together and cleaned-dried seeds will be weighed in grams.
12. Oil Content
Oil content will be estimated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
(N.M.R.) technique. For this a random sample of sixty grams of
seed will be obtained from bulk seed of each genotype in each
replication.

17. Statistical analysis
1) Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance for the experiment conducted as per R. B. D. will
be carried out by model as suggested by Panse and Sukhatme (1985).
2) Estimation of Heterosis
The estimation of heterosis over better parent and over standard check
is more realistic. Hence, in present investigation, heterosis will be
estimated over better parent (BP) and standard check (SC), referred to as
heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, respectively.

18. A) Heterobeltiosis:
It will be calculated as the deviation of F1 from the better parent
(Fonseca and Patterson, 1968) and will be expressed in percentage by
the following formula:
Where,
F1 = Mean performance of F1
BP = Mean value of better parent of respective cross combination.
100X
BP
BP-F
(%)iosisHeterobelt 1


19. B) Standard Heterosis
 It refers to the superiority of F1 over the standard commercial hybrid
(GCH 7). It is also called as economic heterosis. It is estimated as
follows:
Where,
 F1 = Mean performance of F1.
 SC = Mean performance of the standard check
100X
SC
SC-F
(%)heterosisStandard 1


20. 3) Combining ability analysis :
The combining ability analysis will be carried out for line x
tester mating design as per the procedure given by
Kempthorne (1957).

21. Thank you