2. INTRODUCTION :
Water is necessary for life. Water is needed
for domestic, agricultural and industrial
purposes.
Water is the most important constituent of
the life support system because it is vital for
the maintenance of all forms of life
If we save water then and only we can save
our life
3. Three-fourth of Earth's surface is covered by
water bodies. 97 per cent of this water is present in
oceans as salt water and is unfit for human
consumption.
Fresh water accounts for only about 2.7 per cent.
Nearly 70 per cent of this occurs as ice sheets and
glaciers n Antarctica and other inaccessible places.
Only one per cent of fresh water is available and fit
for human use. So it is very important to conserve
this precious resource.
4. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION :
1) Sewage And Waste Water: Sewage,
garbage and liquid waste of households, agricultural
lands and factories are discharged into lakes and
rivers.
These wastes contain harmful chemicals and toxins
which make the water poisonous for aquatic animals
and plants.
5. 2 . Dumping: Dumping of solid wastes and litters in
water bodies causes huge problems. Litters
include glass, plastic, aluminum, styrofoam etc.
Different things take different amount of time
to degrade in water. They affect aquatic plants
and animals.
6. 3 . Industrial Waste:
Industrial waste contains pollutants like asbestos,
lead, mercury and petrochemicals which are
extremely harmful to both people and
environment. Industrial waste is discharged into
lakes and rivers by using fresh water making the
water contaminated.
7. 4 . Oil Pollution: Sea water gets polluted due to oil
spilled from ships and tankers while traveling.
The spilled oil does not dissolve in water and
forms a thick sludge polluting the water.
8. 5. Global Warming: Due to global warming,
there is an increase in water temperature. This
increase in temperature results in death of
aquatic plants and animals. This also results in
bleaching of coral reefs in water.
9.
10.
11. Prevention of Water Pollution:
1. Prevent river water to get polluted. Since, a large
number of external substances are discharged into the
water, the river water becomes polluted.
This may cause diseases to the people using river water.
Thus, every effort should be made to prevent the river
water to get contaminated. People should not be
allowed to throw wastes into the river water.
2 . Strict adherence to water laws:
Laws and legislation relating to pollution should be
strictly followed by all. People should be made aware
that adherence to water laws are in their own interest.
12. 3 . Routine cleaning: Ponds, lakes and wells meant for
human use should be routinely cleaned and treated, so
that it remains fit for human use. It is an essential step
that should not be avoided. A system of regular testing
of pond and lake water can be introduced to ensure the
safety of the water.
4 . Treatment of wastes before discharge: Factories
are expected to treat its effluent wastes prior to
discharge. Toxic material must be treated chemically and
converted into harmless materials. If possible, factories
should try to recycle the treated water.
13. 5 . Public Awareness: Common public
should be aware about the effect of water
pollution. Voluntary organization should go door-
to-door to educate the people about
environmental problems. They should perform
street plays for creating awareness about the
environment. They should run environmental
education centers. Students can impart health
education to enable people to prevent water
pollution
