Developing expert-students

1. Developing
“ Expert Students”

3. What is an Expert
Learner?
An Expert has a wealth of knowledge in a specific field or
domain.

4. Michael
Jordan Albert Einstein The Beatles

5. Expert learners have:
• Declarative knowledge
• Procedural knowledge
• Conditional knowledge

6. Expert learners have:
• - Facts and verbal information
Declarative
knowledge
• - how to perform various cognitive activities
Procedural
knowledge
• - know when and why to apply their
learning
Conditional
knowledge

7. What is a Novice Learner?
• Is a beginner who is becoming familiar with the first stages of learning new
knowledge or skills.

8. How does a Novice Learner Differ from an
Expert Learner?
• Novice Learner
-they don’t stop to evaluate their
comprehension of the material.
- they don’t examine the quality of
their work or stop to make revisions
as they go along.
• Expert Learner
- their declarative knowledge has
become “proceduralized” and
incorporated into routines that can be
applied automatically without any
effort on their working memory.

9. How does a Novice Learner Differ from an
Expert Learner?
• Novice Learner
-They don’t make connections or see
the relevance of the learning material
to their lives.
-They are busy learning new
declarative knowledge and thinking
about each step in a new procedure to
apply this knowledge.
• Expert Learner
- they are “more aware than novices
of when they need to check for
errors, why they fail to comprehend,
and how they need to redirect their
efforts.

10. A reading example to compare a novice and an
expert student:
• Novice learner
- would go on to the next page,
thinking that just reading the words
on a page is enough.
• Expert learner
-would re-read the page until the
main concept is understood, or flag
(bookmark) a difficult passage to ask
for clarification from an instructor or
peers later.
-they have techniques to ensure they
understand what they are reading.

11. What is student expertise?
Learning Expertise is acquiring the mental abilities that
effectively adapt to and respond to diverse issues, problems and
challenges of situations throughout your life. It includes:
• The ability to specify goals or objectives to achieve
• Frequent self-monitoring of your progress or development
• Knowing how you learn best or your preferred learning style
• Engaging different learning strategies and knowing which one works
best for a particular purpose

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERT
STUDENTS

13. 1. Experts Are Dedicated to Practice
- Goal-oriented practice aimed at achieving an
expert level of performance separates experts
from novice.

14. 2. Experts Have Effective Cognitive Processing
They have efficient methods of encoding, organizing, and
retrieving new material from their memory.

15. 3. Expert Students Have Knowledge About How
To Learn
A wide range of knowledge and procedures related to learning significantly
influences the skilled performance of an expert student.
Knowledge is the basic foundation of skilled performance.

16. 4. Experts Do Extensive Planning and Evaluation
The result of their evaluations serves as feedback to
adjust, modify, or revise their plans and actions.

17. 5. Experts Are Very Selective
They choose aspects of the information or situation that is most essential from
unnecessary details.
They do not burden themselves with many unnecessary things to remember.
These will only slow down their ability to retrieve the most relevant and useful
information

18. 6. Experts Organize Their Knowledge By
Chunking
They are able to update and organize bits of relevant information into chunks
or an organized pattern.
Ex. (823569) 82, 35, 69

19. 7. Expert Learners Store Information Within the
Context of Relevant Future
Example: When a situation (i.e. similar to the first and original
situation) is encountered in the future, the information associated with
that situation is automatically retrieved.

20. 8. Experts Contemplate: Metacognition
• They reflect on their thought processes and method called
Metacognition: knowledge about one’s own knowledge
• They are mindful of their own performance and aware of
their thought processes.
• They are aware of how they know what they know.
• They have expert metacognitive strategies

21. How to develop expert
metacognitive learning strategies?

22. Learning Awareness:
• Consciously identify what you already know
• Define Learning goals
• Consider your personal resources (e.g. textbooks, access to
the library, computer or a quiet study area.)
• Consider the task requirement (essay test, multiple choice, etc.)
• Determine how your performance will be evaluated.
• Consider your motivation level
• Determine your level of anxiety

23. Planning:
• Estimate the time required to complete the task
• Plan study time into your schedule and set priorities
• Make a checklist of what needs to happen when
• Organize materials
• Take the necessary steps to learn by using different strategies
such as outlining, mnemonics, diagramming,etc.

24. Monitoring and Reflection:
• Reflect on the learning process, keeping track of
what works and what doesn’t work for you.
• Monitor your own learning by questioning and self-testing
• Provide your own feedback
• Keep concentration and motivation high