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Access to Freely Available
Journal Articles:
Gold, Green, and Rogue Open Access
Across the Disciplines
Charleston Conference
November 3, 2016
Michael Levine-Clark
University of Denver
John McDonald
University of Southern California
Jason Price
SCELC Library Consortium
Single publisher referring Site URL data
U of
Denver
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone
A Science survey of 11,000 researchers . . .
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/survey-most-give-thumbs-pirated-papers
Yes
No
I don’t have
access
Convenience
Other
Object to profits
off academics 23%
88%
51%
17%
9%
12%
Our Journal Article Sample
• 300 articles indexed in Scopus
• Published in 2015
• 100 from Arts & Humanities
• 100 from Social Sciences
• 100 from Life Sciences
• 100 journal articles randomly
selected from 2000-4000
English language records
matching each subject area
• extracted in August 2016
Definitions
Availability
• Presence of full text in a “free”
version
Search Locations
• Google Scholar
• Google
• ResearchGate
• Sci-Hub
Access Type
• ‘Gold’ OA – open access on the
publisher’s website
• ‘Green’ OA – open access in a
repository or author website
• ‘Rogue’ OA – freely available via
an academic social network
(ResearchGate, academia.edu)
• Pirated – freely available via Sci-
Hub, a pirate site
Methodology
• Searched each article title in:
• Google Scholar
• Google
• Counted:
• Access type (gold, green, rogue)
• Number of title match results
• Number of results w/ available
full text (from off campus)
• Searched each article title in:
• ResearchGate (if not already found
there via Google Scholar or Google)
• Sci-Hub.cc
• Measured title match vs.
freely available full-text results
Access Type
Source of the full text article: Gold OA, Green OA, Rogue OA, Pirated
• How many articles are Gold OA?
• How many articles are Green OA?
 In Institutional Repositories
 In Subject Repositories
 On author websites
• How many articles are available in
Rogue and Pirate systems
 ResearchGate & academia.edu
 Sci-Hub
Gold/Green/Rogue
Articles available
via Gold OA
Discipline
Publisher
Websites
Arts & Humanities 23
Social Sciences 25
Life Sciences 32
Total 80/300 (26%)
Articles Available via Green OA
Discipline
Institutiona
l
Repository
Subject
Repositor
y
Author
Website
(Self-
Archived
)
Total
Articles
Arts &
Humanities
6 4 5 13
Social Sciences 14 10 3 19
Life Sciences 7 27 2 27
41 10
Articles available in Rogue Systems
ResearchGate academia.edu
Total
Rogue
Arts & Humanities 11 20 26
Social Sciences 36 9 40
Life Sciences 44 5 45
ALL 91 (30%) 34 111 (37%)
Discipline
All OA
Sources
Arts &
Humanities
49
Social
Sciences
60
Life
Sciences
57
Total
166/300
(55.3%)
Discipline
Pirated Articles available
in Sci-Hub
Arts & Humanities 86
Social Sciences 87
Life Sciences 87
Total 260/300 (87%)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
ALL
AH
SS
LS
80
23
25
32
24
10
8
6
Additive availability by article source
Gold Green Not Gold
Additive from Left -> Right
Additive from Left -> Right
Search Location
Where do we find available full text? Google Scholar, Google, ResearchGate, Sci-Hub
Google Scholar
ALL
versions
(average #)
# w/ Google
Scholar
(right-hand)
OA links
Arts & Humanities 2.55 35
Social Sciences 3.63 39
Life Sciences 5.03 48
Total 3.74 122/300 (41%)
Google
# of title
matches
OA Articles
Available
Arts & Humanities 2.94 37
Social Sciences 2.99 40
Life Sciences 3.62 45
Total 3.18
122/300
(41.3%)
Conclusions
It’s hard to follow the
rules:
• 26% Gold OA
• 20% Green OA
• 37% Rogue OA
• 87% Pirated
*Starting with Google Scholar, supplemented
by Google, is a slightly better strategy than
starting with ResearchGate
*Starting with Sci-Hub, and bypassing
legitimate search options entirely, gives the
best results for users willing to use pirated
papers
*Libraries and publishers should be concerned
Next Steps
• Examine OA ‘discoverability’ and
availability in library Discovery
Systems
• How effective are library linking
tools in providing full-text access
to OA articles?
1) Collar Google Scholar? 2) Emulate ResearchGate?
3) Don’t ignore the Sci-hub pirate club!
How should libraries respond?
1) Collar Google Scholar?
• Link to Scholar results from
OpenUrl resolver results to
leverage more full text
OR
• Draw Scholar OA full text links
into the results menu when they
are available?
1) Collar Google Scholar?
• Link to Scholar results from
OpenUrl resolver results to
leverage more full text
OR
• Draw Scholar OA full text links
into the results menu when they
are available?
2) Emulate ResearchGate?
• Include metadata for ALL faculty
publications in Institutional
Repositories (even if the an OA
copy is not available)
• Allow users to request a copy
through the institutional
repository listing
2) Emulate ResearchGate?
• Include metadata for ALL faculty
publications in Institutional
Repositories (even if the an OA
copy is not available)
• Allow users to request a copy
through the institutional
repository listing
2) Emulate ResearchGate?
• Include metadata for ALL faculty
publications in Institutional
Repositories (even if the an OA
copy is not available)
• Allow users to request a copy
through the institutional
repository listing
3) Don’t ignore the Sci-Hub (pirate) club!
Recall that:
• 88% of researchers
do NOT think it is
wrong to download
pirated papers
• 87% of papers are
available via Sci-Hub
3) Don’t ignore the Sci-Hub (pirate) club!
Recall that:
• 88% of researchers
do NOT think it is
wrong to download
pirated papers
• 87% of papers are
available via Sci-Hub

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Access to Freely Available Journal Articles: Gold, Green, and Rogue Open Access Across the Disciplines

  • 1. Access to Freely Available Journal Articles: Gold, Green, and Rogue Open Access Across the Disciplines Charleston Conference November 3, 2016 Michael Levine-Clark University of Denver John McDonald University of Southern California Jason Price SCELC Library Consortium
  • 2.
  • 3. Single publisher referring Site URL data U of Denver
  • 4.
  • 7. A Science survey of 11,000 researchers . . . http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/survey-most-give-thumbs-pirated-papers Yes No I don’t have access Convenience Other Object to profits off academics 23% 88% 51% 17% 9% 12%
  • 8.
  • 9. Our Journal Article Sample • 300 articles indexed in Scopus • Published in 2015 • 100 from Arts & Humanities • 100 from Social Sciences • 100 from Life Sciences • 100 journal articles randomly selected from 2000-4000 English language records matching each subject area • extracted in August 2016
  • 10. Definitions Availability • Presence of full text in a “free” version Search Locations • Google Scholar • Google • ResearchGate • Sci-Hub Access Type • ‘Gold’ OA – open access on the publisher’s website • ‘Green’ OA – open access in a repository or author website • ‘Rogue’ OA – freely available via an academic social network (ResearchGate, academia.edu) • Pirated – freely available via Sci- Hub, a pirate site
  • 11. Methodology • Searched each article title in: • Google Scholar • Google • Counted: • Access type (gold, green, rogue) • Number of title match results • Number of results w/ available full text (from off campus) • Searched each article title in: • ResearchGate (if not already found there via Google Scholar or Google) • Sci-Hub.cc • Measured title match vs. freely available full-text results
  • 12. Access Type Source of the full text article: Gold OA, Green OA, Rogue OA, Pirated
  • 13. • How many articles are Gold OA? • How many articles are Green OA?  In Institutional Repositories  In Subject Repositories  On author websites • How many articles are available in Rogue and Pirate systems  ResearchGate & academia.edu  Sci-Hub Gold/Green/Rogue
  • 14. Articles available via Gold OA Discipline Publisher Websites Arts & Humanities 23 Social Sciences 25 Life Sciences 32 Total 80/300 (26%)
  • 15. Articles Available via Green OA Discipline Institutiona l Repository Subject Repositor y Author Website (Self- Archived ) Total Articles Arts & Humanities 6 4 5 13 Social Sciences 14 10 3 19 Life Sciences 7 27 2 27 41 10
  • 16. Articles available in Rogue Systems ResearchGate academia.edu Total Rogue Arts & Humanities 11 20 26 Social Sciences 36 9 40 Life Sciences 44 5 45 ALL 91 (30%) 34 111 (37%)
  • 18. Discipline Pirated Articles available in Sci-Hub Arts & Humanities 86 Social Sciences 87 Life Sciences 87 Total 260/300 (87%)
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ALL AH SS LS 80 23 25 32 24 10 8 6 Additive availability by article source Gold Green Not Gold Additive from Left -> Right
  • 23.
  • 24. Additive from Left -> Right
  • 25. Search Location Where do we find available full text? Google Scholar, Google, ResearchGate, Sci-Hub
  • 26. Google Scholar ALL versions (average #) # w/ Google Scholar (right-hand) OA links Arts & Humanities 2.55 35 Social Sciences 3.63 39 Life Sciences 5.03 48 Total 3.74 122/300 (41%)
  • 27. Google # of title matches OA Articles Available Arts & Humanities 2.94 37 Social Sciences 2.99 40 Life Sciences 3.62 45 Total 3.18 122/300 (41.3%)
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. Conclusions It’s hard to follow the rules: • 26% Gold OA • 20% Green OA • 37% Rogue OA • 87% Pirated *Starting with Google Scholar, supplemented by Google, is a slightly better strategy than starting with ResearchGate *Starting with Sci-Hub, and bypassing legitimate search options entirely, gives the best results for users willing to use pirated papers *Libraries and publishers should be concerned
  • 35. Next Steps • Examine OA ‘discoverability’ and availability in library Discovery Systems • How effective are library linking tools in providing full-text access to OA articles?
  • 36. 1) Collar Google Scholar? 2) Emulate ResearchGate? 3) Don’t ignore the Sci-hub pirate club! How should libraries respond?
  • 37. 1) Collar Google Scholar? • Link to Scholar results from OpenUrl resolver results to leverage more full text OR • Draw Scholar OA full text links into the results menu when they are available?
  • 38. 1) Collar Google Scholar? • Link to Scholar results from OpenUrl resolver results to leverage more full text OR • Draw Scholar OA full text links into the results menu when they are available?
  • 39. 2) Emulate ResearchGate? • Include metadata for ALL faculty publications in Institutional Repositories (even if the an OA copy is not available) • Allow users to request a copy through the institutional repository listing
  • 40. 2) Emulate ResearchGate? • Include metadata for ALL faculty publications in Institutional Repositories (even if the an OA copy is not available) • Allow users to request a copy through the institutional repository listing
  • 41. 2) Emulate ResearchGate? • Include metadata for ALL faculty publications in Institutional Repositories (even if the an OA copy is not available) • Allow users to request a copy through the institutional repository listing
  • 42. 3) Don’t ignore the Sci-Hub (pirate) club! Recall that: • 88% of researchers do NOT think it is wrong to download pirated papers • 87% of papers are available via Sci-Hub
  • 43. 3) Don’t ignore the Sci-Hub (pirate) club! Recall that: • 88% of researchers do NOT think it is wrong to download pirated papers • 87% of papers are available via Sci-Hub

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Need to note Academia.edu and that we didn’t search it directly, only noted it when it came up through Google or GS. Also note why the totals aren’t cumulative – some articles available both places.