1. History of Computers

2. Imagine that you have a job where you have to perform nothing but
calculations every day, at one point of time you will get bored,
you might even become careless and start making mistakes.

3. History of
ComputersHistory of Computer are Divided into Six Generations
Where Every new generation has certain dramatic improvements when compared to its previous generations.
>> The Mechanical Era (1623-1900)
>> First Generation Electronic Computers (1937-1953)
>> Second-Generation (1954-1962)
>> Third-Generation (1963-1972)
>> Fourth-Generation (1972-1984)
>> Fifth Generation (1984-1990)
>> Sixth Generation (1990-till date)

5. The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900)
Machine/Device Year Information
Abacus 5000 BC
Abacus is use for performing task in
Addition,Subtraction,Division and
Multiplication, also use for extracting square roots
and cubic roots.

6. Napier’s bones 1624
Napier bone is use for logarithm is one of the famous
tools by changing large and difficult multiplication
operations to simple addition in a table .
Machine/Device Year Information
The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900)
John Napier Napier Bone

7. Machine/Device Year Information
The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900)
Pascaline 1642
Pascaline was a numerical wheel calculator ,it is
invented by Blaise Pascal it was ability to handle
number up to 999,999.999.
Blaise Pascal
Pascal Calculator

8. Machine/Device Year Information
Gottfried Wilhelm
von Leibniz
1646
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz was a German mathematician and
philosopher. He invented Slide Rule which is use to measuring the
Storage.
The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900)
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz Slide Rule

9. Machine/Device Year Information
The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900)
Difference Engine
and
Analytical Engine
1823 to
1833
Charles Babbage designed two classes of engines, The
mathematical principle on which Difference Engine was based and
the Second was Analytical Engine which was much more than a
calculator, helped in Performing fully fledged general-purpose
computation instead of mechanical arithmetic calculation.
Difference Engine
Analytical Engine Charles Babbage

10. The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900)
Analytical Engine

11. The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900)
Joseph Marie Jacquard Jacquard Loom
Machine/Device Year Information
Jacquard Loom 1847
Joseph Marie Jacquard invented Jacquard Loom, it is
used for write or punch by a machine Jacquard Loom in
1847.
Data Punched on Jacquard Loom

12. Machine/Device Year Information
The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900)
Punch Card 1890
Herman Hollerith an American inventor developed the
Machine that read information which had been
punched into the cards.
Punch Card Machine
Punch Card
Herman Hollerith

13. First Generation
Electronic Computer (1937-1953)

14. Machine/Device Year Information
Atanasoff-Berry
Computer
1942
Professor John Vincent Atanasoff designed and built the
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) in 1939-1942.
First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953)
Prof: John Vincent Atanasoff Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

15. First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953)

16. Machine/Device Year Information
Harvard Mark-1 1944
Harvard Mark-1 was conceived by Haward Aiken,it was designed
and built by IBM.it was as big as a room with fifty-feet long, it
was a relay-based Calculator, use for mathematical tables.
First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953)
Howard Hathaway Aiken
Harvard Mark-1

17. Machine/Device Year Information
ENIAC 1946
ENIAC (Electronic Numerator Variable Automatic Computer) invented by
John Mauchly and J Presper Eckert,it was the first general-purpose
Operational Computer works with
Vacuum Tubes. Vacuum Tubes made by Engineer John Ambrose Fleming.
First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953)
John Mauchly ENIAC J.Presper Eckert Vacuum Tubes
Engr.John Ambrose Fleming

18. Machine/Device Year Information
EDVAC 1949
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)as compare to
ENIAC had a major improvement ,In EDVAC binary numbers were used
instead of decimal numbers which made construction arithmetic units
simple.
First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953)
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)

20. Machine/Device Year Information
TRADIC 1955
TRADIC (Transistor Digital Computer) invented by Bell Labs for the US Air
force, It was fully made up of transistors and diodes and has no vacuum
tubes, nearly 800 transistors used instead of vacuum tubes. Have to run
the machine 1/20th power required for operating Vacuum Tube
Computers.
TRADIC (Transistor Digital Computer)

21. William Shockley John Bardeen Walter Brattain
Transistors

22. Machine/Device Year Information
IBM 704 1956
IBM 704 was one of the first computers that were commercially available
for the incorporation of floating points arithmetic's and indexing ,its
magnetic core memory was reliable than the Cathode-ray-tube Memory .

23. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (IC):-
Integrated Circuit was invented by Jack Kilby in 1964,
The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
Jack Kilby Integrated Circuits (IC)

24. The Microprocessor Era:-
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of
integrated circuits we rebuilt onto a single silicon chip. A silicon chip that contains a CPU.
In the world of personal computers,the terms microprocessor and CPU are used
interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers and most workstations sits a
microprocessor. Microprocessors also control the logic of almost all digital devices, from
clock radios to fuel-injection systems for automobiles.

25. Artificial Intelligence Era:-
While the microprocessor has revolutionized the
computing industry, the fifth generation of computer
looks to turn the whole industry on its head once again.
The fifth generation of computing is called
"artificial intelligence," and it is the goal of
computer scientists and developers to eventually create
computers than outsmart, outwit, and maybe even outlast their human inventors.
Artificial intelligence can be broken into five distinct categories: games playing, robotics,
expert systems, neural networks, and natural language. Each of these categories is being
developed largely independent of one another; game playing, for instance, has seen great
success over the course of the past 15 years, while natural language has taken longer to
full develop and perfect.

26. Six Generation Micro CHIP Era in the History of Computer:-
In the six Generation the ability to perform many complex tasks at one time was
expanded and revolutionized with the introduction of the microprocessor in the early 70’s. Now
what took up a whole room could rest gently on a fingertip.
Microprocessors were the beginning for a fury of technological advancements that includes
computerized cars, appliances and smart phones. Everything has become smarter, faster and
smaller. They have also become integrated. With the advent of the microprocessor came the ability
to link computers together in a network. The birth of the Internet and all of its wonders are
attributed to the birth of the microchip.