The presentation tries to explore Enterprise Architecture research opportunities through considering EA with regard to three metaphors : as an architecture toolkit metaphor, as an operational scoreboard metaphor, and as a strategic scoreboard metaphor.

1. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Enterprise Architecture : using metaphors for
exploring research opportunities
Prof. K. Baïna
Alqualsadi reserach team (Enterprise Architecture, Quality of their
Development and Integration)
Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique et d'Analyse des Systèmes
(ENSIAS)
Université Mohammed V Souissi (UM5S), Rabat
Final MENA project Workshop, Nov. 24-25 2011
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

2. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Outline
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

3. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Origins of EA ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
What is EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

4. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Origins of EA ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
What is EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Motivation behind EA
EA has been rstly thought by Zachman to address two
problems (in 1987) :
System complexity : organisations were spending enormous
budgets in IT (high cap-ex / op-ex)
Poor business alignement : organisations were nding it
more dicult to keep IT systems alignes with business model
Basically enterprise are looking for more agility, high prols,
lower risk, more satised senior management, and More cost
and less value problem recognised 24 years ago, but have
today reached a crisis point.
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

5. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Origins of EA ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
What is EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

6. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Origins of EA ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
What is EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
EA denition
M. Lankhorst'2005
EA is a coherent whole of principles, methods, models
that are used in the design realization of an enterprise's
1 organizational structure,
2 business processes,
3 information systems,
4 and infrastructure.
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

7. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Origins of EA ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
What is EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Existing EA Tools
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

8. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Origins of EA ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
What is EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Future of EA
Gartner 2015 EA vision
The articial walls between business and IT are crashing
down, and EA is the bridge to integrate business and IT, said
Philip Allega, Research Vice President, Gartner.
EA's original promise was its ability to provide future safe
guidance given the desires and vision of an organisation's
senior leadership team. As IT roles shift away from technology
management to enterprise management, EA is suited to bring
clarity to these blurred boundaries, and, by 2015, increased
adoption of EA processes and uses by business will further IT's
alignment with the organisation's culture, future-state vision
and delivery of business value outcomes.
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

9. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

10. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
EA Frameworks limits wrt How question
EA How to do question
Current EA tools
miss many represtentations details
fail to take the context into consideration
lack of systemic management : holistic representations
fail to manage time : learn from past projects, anticipate
evolution, handle events [precitible or not]
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

11. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

12. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Catching rened details
rened layers views - black box vs white box vs layers
opportunities :
need of rich models for catching complementary abstractions
of existing EA
through integrated EA artefacts repository
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

13. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Positioning the EA (black box) in its global context
urbanism - the city metaphor
opportunities :
What is the impacts of extern (cultural, economic, technical)
trends, innovations, concurrency on EA ?
EA governance and the enterprise eco-system
What kind of interactions exist between two dierent EA ?
How eco-system EA values impacts each EA component ?
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

14. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Dynamic views (computing models and algorithms for
simulation)
evolution prediction
opportunities :
EA evolution management : learning from past experiences,
and anticipating innovation paces to undertake
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

15. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Dynamic views (computing models and algorithms for
simulation)
reliability simulation - bridge overload
opportunities :
EA systemic reliability wrt human, processes, technology
EA performance management (e.g. load, stress)
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

16. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Dynamic views (computing models and algorithms for
simulation)
risk simulation - earthquake
opportunities : EA and risk management : catastrophs, security
intrusions, failures, human errors,...
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

17. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational Scorebo
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

18. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational Scorebo
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
EA Frameworks limits wrt What is happening question
EA What is happening question
EA Tools reporting consoles
are very poor
are distributed over enterprise
provide best eort data description
are not proactive
lack of systemic management : holistic reporting
Complete information are in databases and le logs, ..
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

19. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational Scorebo
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

20. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational Scorebo
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Narrowing EA manager to real world
rich visual reporting - virtual visit of a production site
opportunities : EA Rich and smart visualisation, Abstractions
well reecting reality eg. EA virtual visits)
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

21. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational Scorebo
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Integrated smart indicators
real time snapshot - holistic integrated KGI/KPI repository
opportunities :
What if EA Frameworks can optimize the resources use on
demand : no oversized infra, no underused apps, no stressed
system, no energy waste, no under or overstaed project ?
detecting performance problems and proposing solutions !
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

22. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic Scoreboads
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

23. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic Scoreboads
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
EA Frameworks limits wrt Why, When, How much
questions
EA Why, When, How much questions
IT always seen as a cost center, existing EA frameworks fails
to prove ROI of high capex-opex projects
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

24. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic Scoreboads
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

25. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic Scoreboads
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Static view (capex - Capital expenditure)
EA framework as a share portfolio
opportunities :
What if EA frameworks can detect risky and protable project
investment, and the best timing for this investment to be
undertaken through adapting nancial, risk management
models ?
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

26. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard What are questions to be solved for EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Plan
1 Introduction
Origins of EA ?
What is EA ?
2 1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Architect Toolkit ?
Architecture Toolkit metaphor lessons by examples
3 2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Operational
Scoreboads ?
Operational Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
4 3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Why EA frameworks are not yet mature Strategic
Scoreboads ?
Strategic Scoreboad metaphor lessons by examples
5 Sumup of EA research opportunities
What are questions to Baïnasolved through metaphors
Prof. K.
be EA
for EA ?

27. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard What are questions to be solved for EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
EA and open opportunities
EA Governance, Quality, Integration, Math mathods, ICT4D
EA operational performance management (e.g. load, stress)
EA and Resource use optimization on demand : no oversized infra, no
underused apps, no stressed system, no energy waste, no under or overstaed
project ? detecting performance problems and proposing solutions
EA and operational risk management : catastrophs, security intrusions,
failures, human errors,...
Rich integrated layered model repository for catching complementary
abstractions of existing EA
EA systemic reliability wrt human, processes, technology
EA rich and smart visualisation, Abstractions well reecting reality eg. EA
virtual visits)
Adapting nancial, risk management models for Project investment
Protability analysis and investment best timing detecting
Managing EA evolution in time : learning from past experiences, and
anticipating innovation paces to undertake
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

28. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard What are questions to be solved for EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
EA opprtunities in the context of new challenges
EA challenges
1 Ubiquitous computing Mobile devices ( u-EA),
2 Utility computing Cloud computing (EA as utility, EA EAaaS),
3 Outsourcing none core business (EA4O),
4 Internet/Web of Things (EA components as things),
5 Social web (Social nets of EA users, designers, developers,
integrating paradigms as source-crawding, tagging, voting)
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors

29. Introduction
1st metaphor - EA as an Architecture Toolkit
2nd metaphor - EA as an Operational Scoreboard What are questions to be solved for EA ?
3rd metaphor - EA as a Strategic Scoreboard
Sumup of EA research opportunities
Some graphics
Prof. K. Baïna EA through metaphors