Briefly summarizes the Reconstruction era (1865-1877)

1. The Reconstruction of the South
Re-building of the South after the Civil War
Process of re-admitting Confederate states back into the
United States
1865-1877
What do you think needed to be done?

2. Charleston, SC in 1865

3. Atlanta, GA in 1865

4. Richmond, VA in 1865

5. Lincoln’s Plan
 Reunite all of the states and rebuild
country

6. Lincoln’’s Plan
 Pardon all
Southerners who
swear allegiance to
the Union, except
Confederate leaders
and those accused
of crimes against
prisoners of war

7. Lincoln’’s Plan
 Once 10% of
voting population
did so, the States
could form new
governments and
send
representatives to
Congress

8. Radical Republicans
 Hate Lincoln’s plan
 Want to punish the south
 They become furious when former
Confederate leaders are elected to
Congress
 Outraged at passing of Black Codes

9. Black Codes
 Blacks can only be farmers or servants
 Must carry special pass to travel
 Can not vote
 Can not serve on jury

10. Jim Crow Laws
 To Prevent Blacks from voting
 Required to pay Poll Tax
 Pass reading test
 Grandfather Clause- if your
grand-daddy voted in 1867
you don’t need to pay or pass
test
 Started Segregation-separating
people in public
based on race

11. Radical Republicans’’
Plan
 Leader Thaddeus Stevens
 Believed the States did secede
 Wanted to punish the Southern States
for the rebellion

12. Radical Republicans’’
Plan
 Congress had the constitutional
power to readmit the States not the
President
 Wanted all African Americans to be
given full citizenship and voting
rights

13. Freedmen Bureau
 Gave clothes, food, medical care to poor blacks and
whites
 Open over 4,000 schools
 Many hospitals
 Several universities
 Despite effort many blacks still poor and jobless

14. Lincoln Assassinated
 April 14, 1865
 Lincoln is shot by
John Wilkes Booth
at Ford’s Theater

15. Lincoln Assassinated
 Lincoln dies next
day
 Andrew Johnson
assumes
presidency

16. Andrew Johnson’s Plan
 Same as Lincoln’s Plan
 PLUS each former
Confederate State had to
ratify 13th Amendment

17. Radicals Respond
 Pass Civil Rights Act 1866
 Said Blacks have equal rights under the
law and are citizens
 Passed 14th Amendment
 1. Said anyone born here is an American
2. States can not pass laws to take away rights
3. States had to give
people Due Process

18. 1867 Reconstruction Act
 1. Any Government under Lincoln’s or
Johnston plan will not be recognized
 2. Confederate leaders can not vote or hold
office
 3. All White and Black men can vote and be
elected
 4. Southern states must write new constitution
that guarantees Blacks right to vote
 5. Southern States must ratify 14th
Amendment

19. Southern Punishment
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divided south into 5 military
controlled districts

20. 5 Southern Military Districts

21. President Johnson
 Tries to veto Reconstruction Act
 Congress overrides vetoed with majority
vote
 Radicals Use High Crimes and Treason
 Try to Impeach Johnston
 Fail to impeach by just 1 vote

22. Impeachment
 Congress passes the
Tenure of Office Act to
control Johnson.
 He defies it and is
impeached.
 He falls one vote short
of being removed from
office.

23. Gen. Grant As President
 Grant wins election thanks to the Black
vote
 Grant is poor President
 Plague by many scandals
 15th Amendment passed
 Can not deny a citizen the right to vote based
on race

24. South During Reconstruction
 Three main groups Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and
Blacks
 Carpetbaggers abuse power to become rich
 Scalawags white republicans, small farmers, who
wanted the power old plantation owners had
 Blacks smallest group in government

25. Sharecroppers
 Rented farmland from owner
 Paid by giving over share of crops
 Had to pay for tools, seeds, and farm animals
 Very little was left over for family
 Started cycle of poverty

26. Ku Klux Klan
 Domestic terror group
 Founded by southern whites
 To suppress Blacks and keep them
from using their new rights
 Responsible for beating and killing
many blacks and white sympathizers

27. Election of 1876

28. Compromise of 1877
 Votes of 4 states disputed, all
given to Hayes
 Hayes (Republican) becomes
President
 Remove federal troops from
the south, ends
Reconstruction
 Use federal money to rebuild
southern railroads

29. Reconstruction (1865-1877)
 End Results????
 Good???
 Bad???
 What still needed to be done in the South?