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How to Read
2-D bar codes (sometimes called matrix codes) carry
information in two directions: vertically and
horizontally.
15. MoHaMeD.AL!
2-D bar codes are capable of holding tens
and even hundreds of times as much
information as 1-D bar codes. For
instance, one of the most popular 2-D
bar code formats, Denso Wave's QR
Code, can hold more than 7,000 digits or
4,000 characters of text, whereas even
the most complex 1-D codes top out
around 20 characters. 2-D bar codes are
also small and easy to scan.
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Advantages Of Barcode
Fast and Reliable Data
Collection.
10,000 Times better Accuracy.
Faster Access to Information.
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Disadvantages Of Barcode
Require line of sight to be read.
Can only be read individually.
Cannot be read if damaged or dirty.
Can only identify the type of item.
Cannot be updated.
Require manual tracking and
therefore susceptible to human
error.
19. MoHaMeD.AL!
How Smart Cards Work
A smart card contains more information than a magnetic
stripe card and it can be programmed for different
applications. Some cards can contain programming and
data to support multiple applications and some can be
updated to add new applications after they are issued.
Smart cards can be designed to be inserted into a slot and
read by a special reader or to be read at a distance, such as
at a toll booth. Cards can be disposable (as at a trade-show)
or reloadable (for most applications). An industry standard
interface between programming and PC hardware in a
smart card has been defined by the PC/SC Working
Group, representing
Microsoft, IBM, Bull, Schlumberger, and other interested
companies. Another standard is called OpenCard. There
are two leading smart card operating systems: JavaCard and
MULTOS.
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Chip
A very secure way of storing a small amount of sensitive data
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Applicative memory (where
you store your data)
Chip Operating
System
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Memory vs. microprocessor •
Memory cards o
simply store data
read and write to a fixed address on the card
Straight Memory Cards
Protected Cards: configured to restrict access through a password
Stored Value Memory Cards: such as a telephone card, the chip has
memory cells, one for each telephone unit. A memory cell is cleared each
time a telephone unit is used.
Microprocessor cards o
Miniature Computer with microprocessor chip, input/output
port, OS, ROM, EEPROM, RAM
Add, delete, manipulate information in its memory
Built-in security features
multiple functions and/or different applications reside on the
card
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Contact vs. contactless •
Contact smart card o
are inserted in a smart card reader making physical contact
with the reader
Contactless smart cards o
smart cards that employ a radio frequency (RFID) between card
and reader without physical insertion of the card
Hybrid card o
combines the two features
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Advantages :
More Secure.
Safe to Transport.
Double as an ID Card.
Prevents Fraud.
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Possible Disadvantages:
Easily Lost.
Slow Adoption.
Possible Risk of Identity Theft.
