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Hi600 ch04_text_slides
1.
Use Case Analysis SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, 6TH EDITION DENNIS, WIXOM, AND ROTH © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 1
2.
Learning Objectives Explain
the purpose of use cases in the analysis phase of the SDLC. Describe the various parts of a use case and the purpose of each part. Describe how use cases contribute to the functional requirements. Describe how use cases inform the development of test plans. Explain the process used to create a use case. © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 2
3.
What is a
Use Case? UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSE OF THIS TOOL © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 3
4.
Role of Use
Cases Use cases express and clarify user requirements. Purpose - define the expected interaction between user and system. Use that interaction to more fully describe functional requirements Used extensively in the analysis phase. Often a part of user interviews or JAD sessions. Text-based use cases are easy for the users to understand. Flow easily into the creation of process models and the data model. © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 4
5.
Use Cases Represents
how a system interacts with its environment Illustrates the activities that are performed by the users and the system’s responses. Activities produce some output result. Each use case describes how an external user triggers an event to which the system must respond. In event-driven modeling, everything in the system can be thought of as a response to some triggering event. © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 5
6.
Use Case Styles ELEMENTS
AND FORMATS © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 6
7.
Elements of a
Use Case Each use case has a name and number, and brief description. The priority may be assigned to indicate the relative significance. The actor refers to a person, another system, or a hardware device that interacts with the system to achieve a useful goal. The trigger for the use case – the event that causes the use case to begin. Events triggers can be external or temporal © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 7
8.
Use Case Basic Information From
Figure 4-1 Casual Format Use Case © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 8
9.
Normal Course o The
major steps that are performed to execute the response to the event © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 9
10.
Exceptions o Error conditions
encountered while performing use case steps. o NOT normal branches in decision logic. o Lead to an unsuccessful result. © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 10
11.
Use Cases in Sequence o
Uses cases often performed in sequence. o No single use case should be too large. o Important to define initial and ending states. © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 11
12.
Preconditions and Postconditions o Preconditions define
what must be complete before beginning this use case. o Postconditions define what is complete when this use case ends. © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 12
13.
Fully-Dressed Use Case
Format Very thorough, detailed, and highly structured. Adds new sections, including, o Alternative courses o Inputs and outputs for steps o Summary inputs and outputs. See Figure 4-3 for example © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 13
14.
Fully-Dressed Use Case
Format, con’t. Use this format when: o Users are not closely engaged with development team o Project has high complexity and high risk o Test cases need to be fully described o Remote collaborating teams need detailed, shared understanding of user needs. © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 14
15.
Use Case Practical
Tips Use gradual refinement. Concentrate on describing the user’s objectives with the system completely and accurately. Keep both audiences in mind – users and developers. Create use cases only when needed to clarify what the system must do from the user’s perspective. Not needed for simple events. © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 15
16.
Use Cases and
the Functional Requirements Use cases are useful tools to clarify user requirements. Use cases convey only the user’s point of view. Transforming the user’s view into the developer’s view through functional requirements is one of the system analyst’s key contributions. The derived functional requirements tell the developers more about what the system must do. © COPYRIGHT 2011 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 4-16
17.
Detailed Functional Requirements Use case content
used to create more complete and descriptive functional requirements © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 17
18.
Creating Use Cases
Identify events the system must respond to – develop Event-Response List Create use case form for the complex events For each use case: o Identify the major steps o Identify elements with each major step (inputs and outputs) o Confirm use case with users through role-playing Revise functional requirements as needed © COPYRIGHT 2015 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. 18
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