Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology Wardha Road, Nagpur-441 108 NAAC Accredited Department of Information Technology developed By Dr PL Pradhan Second Year B.E. (Fifth Semester) Research & Development Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology Wardha Road, Nagpur-441 108 NAAC Accredited

1. Research Awareness Programme
Prof (Dr.) P L PRADHAN
Dean Research & Development
TGPCET
NAGPUR

2. Section-A
Theorical Area

3. Analysis
• Research about Research
• Computer Sc=> IT-> Analysis

4. What is Research

5. Scientific Research

6. Research Definition

7. Research Meaning

8. Research?

9. Research Characteristics

10. Basic Research

11. Applied Research

12. Cross Sectional Research

13. Basic vs Applied Research

14. Research Classifications

15. Types of Research:
• Following are the types of research:
• Basic Research: Basic research is mostly conducted to enhance knowledge. It covers
fundamental aspects of research. The main motivation of this research is knowledge expansion. It
is a non-commercial research and doesn’t facilitate in creating or inventing anything. For example,
an experiment is a good example of basic research.
• Applied Research: Applied research focuses on analyzing and solving real-life problems. This
type of research refers to study that helps solve practical problems using scientific methods. This
research plays an important role in solving issues that impact overall well-being of humans. For
example, finding a specific cure for a disease.
• Problem Oriented Research: As the name suggests, problem-oriented research is conducted to
understand the exact nature of the problem to find out relevant solutions. The term “problem”
refers to having issues or two thoughts while making any decisions.
• For e.g Revenue of a car company has decreased by 12% in the last year. The following could be
the probable causes: There is no optimum production, poor quality of a product, no advertising,
economic conditions etc.
• Problem Solving Research: This type of research is conducted by companies to understand and
resolve their own problems. Problem solving research uses applied research to find solutions to
the existing problems.
• Qualitative Research: Qualitative research is a process that is about inquiry, that helps in-depth
understanding of the problems or issues in their natural settings. This is a non- statistical research
method.

16. Qualitative research
• Qualitative research is heavily dependent on the
experience of the researchers and the questions used to
probe the sample. The sample size is usually restricted to 6-
10 people in a sample. Open ended questions are asked in
a manner that one question leads to another. The purpose
of asking open ended questions is to gather as much
information as possible from the sample.
Following are the methods used for qualitative research:
• One-to-one interview
• Focus groups
• Ethnographic Research
• Content/ Text Analysis
• Case study research

17. Quantitative Research
• Qualitative research is a structured way of
collecting data and analyzing it to draw
conclusions. Unlike qualitative research, this
research method uses computational,
statistical and similar method to collect and
analyze data. Quantitative data is all about
numbers.

18. Quantitative research
• Quantitative research involves a larger population as, more
number of people means more data. In this manner, more
data can be analyzed to obtain accurate results. This type of
research method uses close ended questions because, in
quantitative research, the researchers are typically looking
at measuring the extent and gathering foolproof statistical
data.
• Online surveys, questionnaires, and polls are a preferable
data collection tools used in quantitative research. There
are various methods of deploying surveys or
questionnaires. In recent times online surveys and
questionnaires have gained popularity. Survey respondents
can receive these surveys on mobile phones, emails or can
simply use the internet to access surveys or questionnaires.

19. Ethnographic Approach
• What is an ethnographic approach to
research? Example: DST Project.
• Ethnography is an extremely broad area with
a great variety of practitioners and methods.
However, the most common ethnographic
approach is participant observation as a part
of field research. The ethnographer becomes
immersed in the culture as an active
participant and records extensive field notes.

20. What is the purpose of Research?
• There are three purposes of research:
• 1. Exploratory Research: As the name suggests, exploratory research is conducted
to explore the research questions and may or may not offer a final conclusion to
the research conducted. It is conducted to handle new problem areas which
haven’t been explored before. Exploratory research lays the foundation for more
conclusive research and data collection. For example, a research conducted to
know the level of customer satisfaction among the patrons of a restaurant.
• 2. Descriptive Research: Descriptive research focuses on throwing more light on
current issues through a process of data collection. Descriptive studies are used to
describe the behavior of a sample population. In descriptive research, only one
variable (anything that has quantity or quality that varies) is required to conduct a
study. The three main purpose of descriptive research is describing, explaining and
validating the findings. For example, a research conducted to know if top-level
management leaders in the 21st century posses the moral right to receive a huge
sum of money from the company profit?
• 3. Explanatory Research: Explanatory research or causal research, is conducted to
understand the impact of certain changes in existing standard procedures.
Conducting experiments is the most popular form of casual research. For example,
research conducted to understand the effect of rebranding on customer loyalty.

21. Exploratory Research
• To understand characteristic of research
design using research purpose here is a
comparative analysis:
• Exploratory Research
• Research approach used
• Unstructured
• Asking research questions
• Early stages of decision making

22. Descriptive Research
• Structured
• Asking research questions
• Later stages of decision making

23. Explanatory Research
• Highly structured
• By using research hypotheses.
• Later stages of decision making

24. Scientific Research

25. INDUCTIVE RESEARCH

26. Deductive Research

27. Research Process

28. Research Method

29. Research Methodology Step
•D^4
• Define
• Design
• Development- Programming & Coding
• Deployment- Implementation

30. Reasoning

31. Inductive Vs Deductive

32. Scientific Ways

33. Closed Loop

34. Theory Vs Hypothesis

35. Sequence of Evidences

36. Research Classifications

37. Research Classifications

38. Research Objectives

39. Why Research Need?

40. Qualities of Good Research

41. Qualities of Good Research

42. Section-B
• Application of Research
• How to Write your Research Paper?

43. Research Process

44. Research Topic
• Select the Title
• Manuscript Title
• Maximum length: 100 characters.
• Must be title case.
• Manuscript Subtitle (optional)
• Maximum length: 50 characters.
• Must be title case.

45. Keywords
• Keywords ( IEEE & APA Standard )
• Comma separated list of 8-15 keywords that
figure prominently in your manuscript. These
words should primarily include important
vocabulary, names of people, and names of
organizations. We will use these terms to
generate the index for the journal issue. Please do
not include words that are part of the journal title
or manuscript title.
• Maximum length: 200 characters. Must be title
case. Must be comma separated.

46. Abstract
• Abstract –What to do?
• Your abstract should provide readers with an
overview of the content of your manuscript. It is
important that your abstract clearly states the
purpose of your manuscript and summarizes the
content. Do not use first or second person (I, me,
my, we, us, our, you...). Instead use "this
manuscript per the authors".
• Minimum length: 500 characters. Maximum
length: 1,100 characters.
• Must be one (1) paragraph.

47. Introduction
• An introduction should announce your topic,
provide context and a rationale for your work,
before stating your research questions and
hypothesis. Well-written introductions set the
tone for the paper, catch the reader's interest,
and communicate the hypothesis or thesis
statement.

48. Introduction
• Introduction is not a literal beginning
• Why do we need an introduction?
• What information can I get from my search for
the introduction?
• Attract the reader in any case

49. Introduction
• Here is a step-by-step approach to starting and
completing a research paper.
• Choose a topic.
• Read and keep records.
• Form a thesis.
• Create a mind map or outline.
• Read again.
• Rethink your thesis.
• Draft the body.
• Revise.

50. Introduction
• Section & Sub-section

51. Literature Survey
• Current Knowledge
• Backgroud of Research
• literature review is a text of a scholarly paper,
which includes the current knowledge
including substantive findings, as well as
theoretical and methodological contributions
to a particular topic. Literature reviews are
secondary sources, and do not report new or
original experimental work.

52. What is a Literature Review?
• A literature review is the effective evaluation of
selected documents on a research topic. A review may
form an essential part of the research process or may
constitute a research project in itself.
• A ‘good’ literature review…..
• ….. is a synthesis of available research
….. is a critical evaluation
….. has appropriate breadth and depth
….. has clarity and conciseness
….. uses rigorous and consistent methods

53. Purposes of a Literature Review
• Theoretical background – past, present or
future
• Clinical practice – previous or contemporary
• Methodology and/or research methods
• Previous findings
• Rationale and/or relevance of the current
study

54. Purposes of a Literature Review
• In a broader context Hart (1998) lists the following purposes of a review:
• Distinguishing what has been done from what needs to be done;
• Discovering important variables relevant to the topic;
• Synthesising and gaining a new perspective;
• Identifying relationships between ideas and practice;
• Establishing the context of the topic or problem;
• Rationalising the significance of the problem;
• Enhancing and acquiring the subject vocabulary;
• Understanding the structure of the subject;
• Relating ideas and theory to applications;
• Identifying methodologies and techniques that have been used;
• Placing the research in a historical context to show familiarity with state-
of-the-art developments.

55. How to Review
• The whole process of reviewing includes:
• a. Searching for literature
b. Sorting and prioritizing the retrieved
literature
c. Analytical reading of papers
d. Evaluative reading of papers
e. Comparison across studies
f. Organizing the content
g. Writing the review

56. Comparison across studies
• Comparison across studies
• The aim is to extract key points by comparing and contrasting
ACROSS studies, instead of reading one paper after another.
• Key points for a review may concern areas of similarities and/or
differences in:
• Research aim(s) or hypotheses
• Research design and sampling
• Instruments and procedures used
• How data were analysed
• Results or findings
• Interpretations
•

57. Data Collection
• Sample

58. Problem Statements
• Finding the problem from Literature survey &
Data Collection

59. Issue Statements
• Optional

60. Research Statement
• Optional

61. Research Methodology D^4
• Define
• Design
• Development
• Deployment
• How to do?

62. Analysis

63. Benefits

64. Summary
• It should be match with Abstract

65. Reference
• Book
• [1] P.M. Morse and H. Feshback, Methods of Theoretical Physics. New York:
McGraw Hill, 1953.
• Journal Article
• [2] S.K. Kenue and J.F. Greenleaf, “Limited angle multifrequency diffiaction
• tomography,” IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-29, no. 6, pp. 213-2 17, July
• 1982.
• New edition of a book
• [3] C. Brusaw, C. Aired, and W. Oliu, Handbook of Technical Writing, 3rd ed. New
• York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987.
• Article in an Anthology
• [4] G.J. Broadhead, “Style in technical and scientific writing.” In M.G. Moran and D.
• Joumet, eds. Research in Technical Communication. A Bibliographic Sourcebook,
• pp. 379-401. Westport. CT: Greenwood Press, 1985.
•

66. IEEE format
• What is IEEE format for reference?
• The IEEE reference format is the standard referencing format set by The
Institute of Electrical
• and Electronics Engineers and is based on the widely used Chicago
referencing style.
•
• G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with
paper title and editor),” in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
• W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style).Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
• H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New York:
Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
• B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms (Unpublished work
style),” unpublished.

67. IEEE
• Electronic Documents
• E-books
• [1] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed.
• Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.
• Article in Online Encyclopedia
• [2] D. Ince, “Acoustic coupler,” in A Dictionary of the Internet. Oxford University
• Press, [online document ], 2001. Available: Oxford Reference Online,
• http://www.oxfordreference.com [Accessed: May 24, 2007].
• Journal Article Abstract (accessed from online database)
• [1] M. T. Kimour and D. Meslati, “Deriving objects from use cases in real-time
• embedded systems,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 47, no. 8, p. 533,
• June 2005. [Abstract]. Ava ilable: ProQuest, http://www.umi.com/proquest/.
• [Accessed November 12, 2007].
• Journal Article in Scholarly Journal (published free of charge on the Internet)
• [2] A. Altun, “Understanding hypertext in the context of reading on the web:
• Language learners’ experience,” Current Issues in Education, vol. 6, no. 12,
• July, 2005. [Online serial]. Available:
• http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume6/number12/. [Accessed Dec. 2, 2007].

68. IEEE format for reference• Books
• Single Author
• [1] W. K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Press,
• 2003.
• Edited Book
• [2] J. L. Spudich and B. H. Satir, Eds., Sensory Receptors and Signal Transduction.
• New York: Wiley-Liss, 2001.
• Selection in an Edited Book
• [3] E. D. Lipson and B. D. Horwitz, “Photosensory reception and transduction,” in
• Sensory Receptors and Signal Transduction, J. L. Spudich and B. H. Satir, Eds.
• New York: Wiley-Liss, 2001, pp-1-64.
• Three or More Authors
• [4] R. Hayes, G. Pisano, and S. Wheelwright, Operations, Strategy, and Technical
• Knowledge. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007.
• Book by an Institutional or Organizational Author
• [5] Council of Biology Editors, Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for
• Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 6th ed., Chicago: Cambridge University Press,
• 2006.
• Manual
• [6] Bell Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff, Transmission System for
• Communication, Bell Telephone Lab, 2005.
• Application Note
• [7] Hewlett-Packard, Appl. Note 935, pp.25-29.
• Note: Titles of unpublished works are not italicized or capitalized. Capitalize only
• the first word.
• Technical Report
• [8] K. E. Elliott and C. M. Greene, “A local adaptive protocol,” Argonne National
• Laboratory, Argonne, France, Tech. Report. 916-1010-BB, 7 Apr. 2007.
• Patent/Standard
• [9] K. Kimura and A. Lipeles, “Fuzzy controller component,” U. S. Patent 14,

69. Journal Articles
• Journal Articles
• Article in Journal (paginated by annual volume)
• [8] K. A. Nelson, R. J. Davis, D. R. Lutz, and W. Smith, “Optical generation of
• tunable ultrasonic waves,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 53, no. 2, Feb., pp.
• 1144-1149, 2002.
• Article in Professional Journal (paginated by issue)
• [9] J. Attapangittya, “Social studies in gibberish,” Quarterly Review of Doublespeak,
• vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 9-10, 2003.
• Article in Monthly or Bimonthly Periodical
• [10] J. Fallows, “Networking technology,” Atlantic Monthly, Jul., pp. 34-36, 2007.
• Article in Daily, Weekly, or Biweekly Newspaper or Magazine
• [11] B. Metcalfe, “The numbers show how slowly the Internet runs today,”
Infoworld,
• 30 Sep., p. 34, 2006.

70. IEEE format for reference
• Thesis or Dissertation (unpublished)
• [14] H. Zhang, “Delay- insensitive networks,” M.
S. thesis, University of Chicago,
• Chicago, IL, 2007.
• Article in Encyclopedia, Signed
• [15] O. Singh, “Computer graphics,” in McGraw-
Hill Encyclopedia of Science and
• Technology, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007, pp.
279-291.

71. Conference Proceedings
• Paper Published in Conference Proceedings
• [12] J. Smith, R. Jones, and K. Trello, “Adaptive filtering
in data communications with
• self improved error reference,” In Proc. IEEE
International Conference on
• Wireless Communications ’04, 2004, pp. 65-68.
• Papers Presented at Conferences (unpublished)
• [13] H. A. Nimr, “Defuzzification of the outputs of fuzzy
controllers,” presented at 5th
• International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Cairo,
Egypt, 2006.

72. APA
• References
• American Educational Research Association.
(1985). Standards for educational and
psychological testing. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
• Angus, J. (2006). Gorilla, Gorilla, Gorilla [wood
veneers, nylon]. Perth: Art Gallery of Western
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73. APA format for reference
• Bedford, P. (2001). Dingo dreaming [ochre on
canvas]. Reproduced in McCulloch, S., &
McCulloch Childs, E. (2008). McCulloch's
contemporary Aboriginal art : The complete guide
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• Bickman, L., & Ellis, H. (Eds.). (1990). Preparing
psychologists for the 21st century: Proceedings of
the National Conference on Graduate Education
in Psychology, 1988, University of Utah. Hillsdale,
NJ: L. Erlbaum.

74. APA format for Reference
• Bond, L., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Rubin, K. & Patton, G.
(2001). Does bullying cause emotional problems? A
prospective study of young teenagers. BMJ, 323, 480-
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D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory
experience in supervisor performance. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. doi:10.1037/0021-
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challenge to change. London, England: Thorsons.

75. APA References
• Article in an Anthology
• [4] G.J. Broadhead, “Style in technical and scientific writing.” In M.G. Moran and D.
• Joumet, eds. Research in Technical Communication. A Bibliographic Sourcebook,
• pp. 379-401. Westport. CT: Greenwood Press, 1985.
•
• One author:
• Castle, E. B. (1970). The teacher. London: Oxford University Press.
• Two authors:
• McCandless, B. R., & Evans, E. D. (1973). Children and youth: Psychosocial development.
• Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press.
• Three or more authors: (list each author)
• Smith, V., Barr, R., & Burke, D. (1976). Alternatives in education: Freedom to choose.
• Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa, Educational Foundation.
• Society, association, or institution as author and publisher:
• American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
• (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.

76. Closed
• Thanks