Urban planning and public health
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Presentation at DAAD student meeting in 2014
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Urban planning and public health
- 1. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUILT ENVIROMENT & PUBLIC HEALTH Photo Source: http://cdn.theatlanticcities.com/img/upload/2013/12/16/shutterstock_147334538/largest.jpg MENNATULLAH HENDAWY EGYPTIAN URBAN PLANNER MSc. IUSD
- 2. AGENDA 1. HISTORY OF THE RELATIONSHIP/CONNECTION 2. REACHING A COMMON GROUND 3. APPRECIATING DIFFERENCES THROUGH ACTIONS FIRST, LET’S AGREE ON WE SEE the world differently, let’s appreciate this difference WE SHARE Common needs WE WANT to Live a happy fruitful life, where HEALTH is a must
- 3. Is urban planning about physical design, or about making things easier for the people who live in our urban spaces? ARE WE STRIVING FOR BEAUTIFUL PEOPLE OR BEAUTIFUL CITIES?
- 5. http://www.theatlanticcities.com/jobs-and-economy/2012/08/brief-history-birth-urban-planning/2365/ http://www.healthycommunitiesbydesign.org/Content/10052/HistoricalPerspective.html THE STORY BEHIND…. ? Are planners striving for beautiful people or beautiful cities? Before then three types of people thinking about how a city should look and function — architects, public health officials, and social workers. + first urban planning school, at Harvard. Cities focused on place at the expense of people. 1898 A Brief History of the Birth of Urban Planning
- 6. Before then three types of people thinking about how a city should look and function — architects, public health officials, and social workers. first urban planning school, at Harvard. Cities focused on place at the expense of people. Protestors outside the Cleveland, Ohio, city hall on January 20, 1970, protesting the city's air pollution. ( ©Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission. http://www.pollutionissues.com/Fo-Hi/Health- Human.html#b#ixzz2yWFmFFhy THE STORY BEHIND…. ? Are planners striving for beautiful people or beautiful cities? + A Brief History of the Birth of Urban Planning 1898 CONNECTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH? Both professions spawned during the 19th century in response to social and economic crises http://www.theatlanticcities.com/jobs-and-economy/2012/08/brief-history-birth-urban-planning/2365/ http://www.healthycommunitiesbydesign.org/Content/10052/HistoricalPerspective.html
- 7. CONNECTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH? Both professions spawned during the 19th century in response to social and economic crises THE STORY BEHIND…. Local governments started to control land use through zoning laws preventing factories from locating close to neighborhoods segregate communities, and supported the growth of suburbs. weakened connection between work, home, retail and other daily services, isolating them from one another and making them accessible only by car. Improvements in the transportation system People were protected from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and cholera but they now faced new epidemics such as obesity, asthma, heart disease and diabetes, all related to the design of the built environment.
- 8. DOCTORS ARE FROM MARS AND URBAN PLANNERS ARE FROM VENUS THE STORY BEHIND…. The city as a metabolism. Courtesy H+N+S Landscape Architects for the IABR 2014
- 9. Some more Facts… http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25762 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/urban_health_20100407/en/ http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/using-biodiversity-as-a-predictor-of-urban-health http://www.nwcphp.org/communications/news/urban-planning-presentation/image_250 In 2008, The number of people living in urban areas outnumbered those living in rural areas for the first time in history! The world is rapidly urbanizing with significant changes in our living standards, lifestyles, social behaviour and health. outdoor urban air pollution kills some 1.2 million people worldwide. WHAT IS HAPENNING NOW? Globally, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among youth
- 10. Some more Facts… http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25762 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/urban_health_20100407/en/ http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/using-biodiversity-as-a-predictor-of-urban-health http://www.nwcphp.org/communications/news/urban-planning-presentation/image_250 WHAT IS HAPENNING NOW? • rapid population growth outpaces the municipal capacity to build essential infrastructure • leading to the proliferation of informal settlements. • Urbanization, both in the developed and particularly in the developing world, is accompanied by a concentration of poverty.
- 11. AN URGENT NEED FOR ACTION 2. REACHING A COMMON GROUND
- 12. The well-being of society. PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNING DEFINITION The process that regulates development in neighborhoods, cities, and regions. It’s a broad multidisciplinary field that doesn't only deal with zoning issues
- 13. It creates community-based strategies to prevent disease and promote health. PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNING DEFINITION Planners deal with; transportation systems, economy, natural resources, urban design, and physical facilities. That all come together to define our cities.
- 14. It creates community-based strategies to prevent disease and promote health. PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNING DEFINITION Planners deal with; transportation systems, economy, natural resources, urban design, and physical facilities. That all come together to define our cities.
- 15. PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNING THE LINK
- 16. It studies how the environment and our behavior impacts our livelihood and health. Our behaviors are also influenced by our environment. PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNING THE LINK Our built environment influences behavior and choices of people based on what is available and convenient. In turn this can shape our lifestyles and health outcomes. Applying health trends knowledge helps create new community policies, building codes, and changes the practice of urban planning.
- 17. Applying this knowledge helps create new community policies, building codes, and changes the practice of urban planning. PUBLIC HEALTH VERSUS URBAN PLANNING THE LINK Our built environment influences behavior and choices of people based on what is available and convenient. In turn this can shape our lifestyles and health outcomes. “Urban planning and public health share common missions and perspectives. Both aim to improve human well-being, emphasize needs assessment and service delivery, manage complex social systems, focus at the population level, and rely on community-based participatory methods.” Center for Disease Control and Prevention Report on Urban Planning and Public Heath
- 18. HOW CAN URBAN PLANNING AND PUBLIC HEALH ADD TO EACHOTHER? 3. APPRECIATING DIFFERENCES THROUGH ACTIONS
- 19. PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE الوقايةٌخيرمنالعالج Louis Pasteur
- 20. HEALTHY URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN Healthy lifestyles Social cohesion Equity Aesthetics Quality of Land & Natural Resources & Climate Stabi Air & Water Quality Safety Accessibility Local low input food production and distribution Housing quality
- 21. LIVABLE STREET PROJECT - New York City’s Department of Transportation
- 22. LINKING HEALTH TO THE URBAN SCALES Healthy Urban Planning and Development (courtesy of Billie Giles-Corti)
- 23. LINKING HEALTH TO THE URBAN SCALES Coverage of urban scale by components of the urban environment http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/114448/E93987.pdf
- 24. Comprehensive urban planning strategy It’s time to ACCEPT THE RESPONSIBILITY CONCLUSION Participatory and inclusive urban planning approaches Physical activity/transportation policies/urban design Establish partnerships with health organisations (e.g WHO) Communication with key stakeholder groups. (e.g. raising awareness among builders and financers ) developing regulatory and legislative options and incentives for implementation. (e.g Compact urban form and mixed use of city areas)
- 25. THANK YOU شكرا DANKESLUM AREA IN INDIA http://www.imaginarylife.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/inside-netaji-nagar_sq.jpg ْنَمَواَاهَيَحأاَمَّنَأَكَفاَيَحأَْماسنالْاًيعََِج﴿املائدة:٣٢﴾ And whoever saves one[soul] - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely (Surat Al-Mā'idah, 32) Holy Quran
Notes de l'éditeur
- direct relationship with one another, which is often overlooked. Historically these two disciplines have operated independently, without collaboration. We believe that we can form healthier, more fulfilling future for our communities through the integration and application of these two fields.
- At America's first urban planning conference, held in New York in 1898, a British planner
- The architects were focused on the city as a built environment, The public health professionals, with infrastructure. a connection between certain diseases and social conditions, even if they didn't know precisely what it was. Planning how a water system would work, or where waste should go, or how to get garbage out of a city, was the most effective way to stop diseases from spreading ( And lastly the social workers wanted to use the city to improve the lives of the people living there. They wanted cleaner tenements, spaces for immigrant children to play, and more light and fresh air for residents.
- Overcrowding, air pollution, sewage, and proper sanitation were all issues that plagued cities of this era and demanded action.
- Urbanization is a major public health challenge in the 21st century. For the first time in human history, the majority of the world’s population lives in cities. By 2030, it is estimated that about 60% of the world’s population will be urban dwellers, projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. Urbanization represents a great opportunity to improve people’s health, but also a complex challenge, especially in places where urbanization is outpacing the development of infrastructure, services, and other resources required to sufficiently meet the needs of the residents. Urban planning can play a role in making the impact of urbanization on health beneficial for people. Healthy urban planning is about creating healthy, equitable and sustainable citie
- . There's no evidence to suggest that sprawl causes obesity, although there is some research arguing that people who already areobese opt to live in sprawling places Many inner cities actually have higher obesity rates than suburbs. Inner-ring suburbs have some of the best health outcomes
- a multidisciplinary field in which professionals work to improve the welfare of persons and communities by creating more convenient, equitable, healthful, efficient, and attractive places now and for the future. The centerpiece of urban planning activities is a "master plan," which can take many forms, including comprehensive plans, neighborhood plans, community action plans, regulatory and incentive strategies, economic development plans, and disaster preparedness plans (1). Traditionally, these plans include assessing and planning for community needs in some or all of the following areas: transportation, housing, commercial/office buildings, natural resource utilization, environmental protection, and health-care infrastructure.
- With so many components to consider, planners must take a comprehensive approach to envision how all these different elements will compliment each other as they shape our cities. Urban planning also factors in time and how current trends and building practices will affect the built environment today and into the future
- With so many components to consider, planners must take a comprehensive approach to envision how all these different elements will compliment each other as they shape our cities. Urban planning also factors in time and how current trends and building practices will affect the built environment today and into the future
- With so many components to consider, planners must take a comprehensive approach to envision how all these different elements will compliment each other as they shape our cities. Urban planning also factors in time and how current trends and building practices will affect the built environment today and into the future
- In order to understand ourselves, others and the world around us, we need to be able to change and adapt our perspectives. By looking at a problem from different frames of reference, possibilities for solving it become easier to discover. In order to understand ourselves, others and the world around us, we need to be able to change and adapt our perspectives. By looking at a problem from different frames of reference, possibilities for solving it become easier to discover. With so many components to consider, planners must take a comprehensive approach to envision how all these different elements will compliment each other as they shape our cities. Urban planning also factors in time and how current trends and building practices will affect the built environment today and into the future
- HOW CAN THE BUILT ENVIROMENT ENABLE YOU TO ACHIEVE HEALTHY LIFE STYLE?
- 11 key health objectives slightly more walking between parking lots and office buildings. These examples point to the need for reliable, meaningful research on ways to have design more effectively impact urban health. mportant issues in this theme cover healthy urban planning, housing and regeneration, healthy transport, climate change, exposure to noise and pollution, healthy urban design and creativity and liveability. One major area within healthy urban environment and design ishealth impact assessment. Follow the link for more information on health impact assessment. Healthy urban planning has a major role to play in creating and managing the built environment we live in. This means it has an influence on our health and the ability to maintain good health. It promotes the idea that a City is much more than buildings, streets and open spaces and is a living community, the health of which is closely linked to that of its citizens.
- New York City’s Department of Transportation, led by Janette Sadik-Kahnannounced today that they will be opening nearly three acres of streets to pedestrian traffic. And where might this be you ask? None other than onBroadway, arguably the most famous street in America. The decision, backed by Mayor Bloomberg, comes after Sadik-Kahn’s hugely successfulPublic Plaza Initiative enacted in 2007. The DOT found that the new plazas greatly reduced traffic-related injuries, in some cases up to 56%. Along with saftey, the DOT sited both economic and traffic improvements as reasons for the plan, not too mention a much better streetscape for the nearly 360,000 pedestrians who visit the area every day. The plan is estimated to cost $1.5 million. Check out the full presentation below (you will notice that the four removed vehicle lanes are not being replaced by a $3 billion tunn
- The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a minimum of 150 minutes of aerobic activity at minimum each week.
- efforts to return to the traditional neighborhoods and urban form that valued a mix of uses, pedestrian and transit amenities and compact development. Strongly link policies on the design of the built environment with benefits and impacts on public health and wellbeing. The future of urban planning has great potential as smart growth, new urbanism, and complete street policies gain acceptance and a greater importance is placed on public health.