1. Charitable Organizations
There are many charitable organizations all over the world. Some of
them are multinational while the others are local. One of the international
charities is called The Chain of Hope. It does operations on children with
heart diseases. In this organization, children from poor countries are treated
free of charge.
In my opinion, these organizations are more important than ever as we
have more and more problems with diseases and food shortages, etc. So
the government and the individual should play a role to keep them. People
should give more money to these charities to let them help more people.
Also, the government should facilitate their work without any red tape.
* multinational :
اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة
* local :ﻣﺤﻠﻰ
* free of charge :ﻣﺠﺎﻧﺎ
= for free
* play a role :دورا ﺗﻠﻌﺐ
* keep them :ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ
* facilitate :ﺗﺴﮭﻞ
* red tape :اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻰ اﻟﺮوﺗﯿﻦ
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Another Paragraph
organizationsThe role of charitable
Doubtless, charities have become more important than ever. Today,
some societies suffer from more and more problems such as poverty,
diseases and food shortages that need the help of the white hands of donors
and charitable organizations. Socially, millions of people are starving to
death daily throughout the world because of famines or droughts. Who
would be for those people if there weren't aid agencies and charitable
organizations?
Medically these organizations play a big role in helping moneyless
people to be treated free of charge in advanced medical centers. Politically,
it is a means to stand beside a neighbouring country in times of earthquakes
and natural catastrophes.
In a word people should give more money to charity so that these
organizations can play their role perfectly.
* Doubtless :ﺷﻚ ﺑﻼ
* societies :ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت
* droughts :ﺟﻔﺎف
* advanced :ﻣﺘﻘﺪم
* politically :ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿﺎ
* suffer from :ﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻰ
* donors :ﻣﺘﺒﺮﻋﯿﻦ
* aid agencies :
ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة وﻛﺎﻻت
* catastrophes :ﻛﻮارث
* socially :اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺎ
* famines :ﻣﺠﺎﻋﺎت
* moneyless :ﻣﺎل ﺑﻼ
* centers :ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ
* perfectly :ﺟﯿﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ
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2. Money is the root of every evil
Money is a means that can be used well or badly, so I'd rather say that
the love of money is the root of all evil, not money itself. Because of money,
people steal, kill and bribe. Also, people may envy each other and hate each
other. Not a day passes without hearing about a bank robbery or a murder.
The reason why such crimes are committed is usually the desire to make a
fortune without exerting great efforts.
Moreover, the wars that sweep the world are motivated by financial
reasons. Even the civil wars which take place between people within the
same country are based on financial affairs.
In brief, we can say that although having a fortune is a blessing from
God, it can be a curse if we misuse it.
* a means :وﺳﯿﻠﺔ
* root :أﺻﻞ-ﺟﺬر
* evil :ﺷﺮ
* bribe :ﺗﺮﺗﺸﻰ)ﺗﺄﺧرﺷﻮة ﺬ(
* sweep :ﺗﻜﺘﺴﺢ
* civil wars :اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮوب
* a curse :ﻟﻌﻨﺔ
* envy :ﺗﺤﺴﺪ
* murder :ﻗﺘﻞ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔ
* are committed :ﺮﺗﻜﺐُﺗ
* desire :رﻏﺒﺔ
* are motivated :ﺗﺪﻓﻌﮭﺎ
* affairs :ﺷﺌﻮن
* misuse :اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﯾﺴﺊ
* make a fortune :
ﺛﺮوة ﯾﻜﻮن
* exerting efforts :
ﺟﮭﻮد ﺑﺬل
* financial :ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺔ
* a blessing :ﻧﻌﻤﺔ
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My dream house
My dream house won't be in the centre of the city, but it will be on the
outskirts to be far from the noise and traffic. It will be in a beautiful location
may be high up on a hill, overlooking a lake or some gardens, and every
room will have a balcony so that I can enjoy the view. Also, I will plant trees,
vegetables and fruit in its garden. In addition, it will have a garage for my car
and the cars of my visitors.
My dream house will be very high-tech and I will be able to control, for
example, the temperature of the rooms, or switch the TV on or off by remote
control. It will also be well insulated so that in winter it will be warm and in
summer it will be cool. It will be a detached house, but I hope to have
friendly neighbours.
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The world famous Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect who is the pioneer of appropriate
technology for building in Egypt, especially by working to re-establish the
use of mud brick. Fathy trained as an architect in Egypt. Graduating in 1926
from the University of King Fouad; which is now the University of Cairo.
3. He designed his first mud brick buildings in the late 1930s. He held
several governmental positions. Moreover, he was chosen as the head of
Architectural Section of The Faculty of Fine Arts in Cairo.
He used ancient design methods and materials. He trained local
inhabitants to make their own materials and build their own buildings. Also,
ancient skills affected his designs.
* pioneer :راﺋﺪ
* appropriate :
* positions :ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ
* was chosen :
ﺧﺘﯿﺮُأ)اﺧﺘﯿﺎره ﺗﻢ(
* the head of
Architectural Section :
اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ رﺋﯿﺲ
* The Faculty of Fine
Arts :اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﻮن ﻛﻠﯿﺔ
* methods :طﺮق
* materials :ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻮاد
* inhabitants :اﻟﺴﻜﺎن
* skills :ﻣﮭﺎرات
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What would you like to be ?**
A job that you would like to do**
when you finish your education
I would like to be a heart surgeon. This is because I like to adapt to
different situations and meet different people. Also, I would like to continue
to research new treatments. A surgeon can make a difference to people's
lives. It's a hard job-working long hours in hospitals with the assistants and
nurses around you all the time.
I'll proud to be helping sick people to start a new life with healthy
hearts. Our surgeons, modern hospitals and intensive cares help to make
Egyptians healthier, and that will be good for our society and the coming
generations.
اﻟﻣرﻛزة اﻟﻌﻧﺎﯾﺔ ﻏرفintensive cares
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Professor Magdi Yacoub
A world famous heart surgeon
Professor Magdi Yacoub is a world-famous heart surgeon. He was
born in Egypt in Belbis in 1935. When his aunt died because of a heart
problem, he decided to be a heart surgeon. In the early 1980s, he was part
of the team which did the first British heart transplant operation. At this time,
he travelled thousands of kilometers in small planes and helicopters to find
healthy hearts for transplants.
Yacoub continued to research new treatments. Recently, he was part
of team which made new heart parts from human cells. If you ask why he
continues to work in his 70s, he will say that he believes he can make a
difference to people's lives. For this reason, he works for a charity in Africa
which helps children with heart problems.
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4. An object that you like. It could be a mobile phone, a necklace, a
watch or any other cheap or expensive object
( The Laptop )
The laptop is the new form of computer and will be most popular soon.
It is as big as a briefcase. It is made of plastic and metal. We use it for
writing documents, surfing and downloading from the internet, playing
computer games and listening to music.
You can see it at home at school, and in offices. It consists of two
joined parts; the main part and the screen. It also has a rechargeable
battery. I can't do without it. If you don't have a laptop, I advise you to buy
one as soon as possible.
* form :ﺷﻜﻞ
* briefcase :ﻟﻸوراق ﺣﻘﯿﺒﺔ
* documents :وﺛﺎﺋﻖ
* a rechargeable battery:
ﺷﺤ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔﻨﮭﺎ
* joined parts :ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ أﺟﺰاء
* screen :ﺷﺎﺷﺔ
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Global Warming
Most people now accept the fact that the world's climate is changing.
The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing mainly because we burn
fuels such as oil and gas. The fact that we continue to destroy the
rainforests (which take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen) makes
matters worse.
How will global warming affect the world? It is now known that the ice
at the Arctic and the Antarctic is melting. If this continues, sea levels will rise
and some parts of the world will be flooded, making many people homeless.
So what can be done? Countries must stop destroying the rainforests
and produce less carbon dioxide. And, as individuals, we must all reduce the
carbon dioxide we produce. This can be done by people using cars only
when they have to or by turning down air conditioning in the summer.
* atmosphere :اﻟﺠﻮى اﻟﻐﻼف
* rainforests :
اﻟﻤﻤﻄﺮة اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت
* the Arctic :
ا اﻟﻘﺎرةاﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﺒﯿﺔ
* the Antarctic :
اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺎرة
* fuels :وﻗﻮد
* homeless :ﻣﺸﺮدﯾﻦ
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The advantages of team work
Without team work, life would be impossible. All living creatures are in
need of cooperation to live. Any complex or easy job can't be successfully
achieved without cooperation. Cooperation can help all countries to
overcome any threat or harm which has a bad effect on their common
interests. There are many situations where groups of people such as
surgeons or scientists or a sports team need to cooperate to succeed.
5. The family members also should cooperate together to lead a happy life
.Animals and birds need to cooperate. To succeed, you will have to show
tolerance and work with these people.
* in need of :ﻟــ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﻰ
* harm :أذى
* complex :ﻣﻌﻘﺪ
* lead :ﯾﻌﯿﺶ
* threat :ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ
* tolerance :ﺗﺴﺎﻣﺢ
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Healthy Food
Healthy food is very important for a healthy life. We must pay attention
to the food we eat and the water we drink. Healthy food should be clean.
You must wash the vegetables and fruit well before eating them. You must
cover the food to prevent flies and insects from touching it. Healthy food
should also be natural and organic. It is not good to eat food that was made
by using dangerous additives. Organic food is better than inorganic ones.
Foods which are prepared at home are better than fast foods. The most
important thing about healthy food is that it must contain all the vital
substances like vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
* pay attention to :ﻟــ ﯾﻨﺘﺒﮫ * additives :إﺿﺎﻓﺎت * vital substances :
ﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﻮاد)أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ(
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ng in your town or city that you think tourists would enjoyA buildi
visiting
I think the pyramids are the most famous buildings of the historic
places in the world. They are one of the seven wonders in the world. They
show the greatness of our great ancestors. The pharaohs built them to bury
their dead kings. They built them by using large stones and rocks which
withstand all the natural disasters like the earthquakes. From all over the
world, a lot of tourists come to admire these ancient building. To shed more
light on that, we can say that our ancient Egyptians were great people
because they left great things which make all people from all over the world
admire.
To sum up I can say that our duty as Egyptians to keep these buildings
either ancient or modern to enable our coming generations to enjoy them.
* wonders :ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ
* disasters :ﻛﻮارث
* generations :أﺟﯿﺎل
* To shed more light on
that :
ھﺬا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﺆ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻻﻟﻘﺎء
* withstand :ﯾﻘﺎوم
* duty :واﺟﺐ
* ancestors :أﺟﺪاد
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6. The Mobile phone is a mixed blessing
Mobile phones are of great importance to many people in society from
a businessman to an ordinary man. They can't do without. In time of
emergency people need to make a phone call asking for the ambulance
help. In travel, mobiles are necessary to tell other people how you are.
But some people have bad habits when using mobiles. They
sometimes disturb people indoors unnecessarily at midnight. While driving,
they may cause death, so the government should pass strict laws against
using them while driving. However, doctors warn people of its drawbacks
exposing themselves to the side effects of electromagnetic waves causing
cancer. So people should use mobile phones more wisely and quietly.
* emergency :طﻮارئ
* indoors :اﻷﺑﻮاب داﺧﻞ
* drawbacks :ﻋﻮاﺋﻖ
* electromagnetic :
اﻟﻜﮭﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ
* unnecessarily :ﺿﺮورة ﺑﻼ
* exposing themselves :
ﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﯿﻦ
* mixed blessing :
وﻧﻘﻤﺔ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ
* disturb :ﯾﺰﻋﺞ
* strict laws :ﺻﺎرﻣﺔ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ
* side effects :ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ أﺛﺎر
* warn :ﯾﺤﺬر
* habits :ﻋﺎدات
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A book that you have enjoyed reading
I read a wonderful book, written by Charles Dickens. Its title is Oliver
Twist. Dickens wrote it in the nineteenth century. I read it last week in the
school library. It is about a child who had to live in a workhouse because his
mother died when he was born. In this story, Dickens shows the dark side of
life in London in the nineteenth century. He describes the life of child
workers and the life in the workhouse where poor people were sent to live
and work. The details of characters and the workhouse are wonderful. The
characters are Oliver Twist, some members of a gang and Mr. Brownlow
who will adopt Oliver. I liked this book very much as it has a moral. The
moral is "Good people are rewarded while bad people are punished."
Really, this is my favourite book, so I will definitely read it again.
* title :ﻋﻨﻮان
* workhouse :أﺣﺪاث إﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ
* are rewarded :ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺌﺘﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ
* details :ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ
* members :أﻋﻀﺎء
* definitely :ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ
* gang :ﻋﺼﺎﺑﺔ
* moral :ﺣﻜﻤﺔ)ﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ(
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t you enjoy doingA form of exercise tha
I have been walking for exercise for four hours now. You don't need
much to start it; just a strong, comfortable pair of shoes or walking
boots and suitable clothing for the weather. All you have to do is to plan
your route and walk along it at a reasonable pace. Walking is good for
you, especially if you
walk at a fast pace because it exercises your heart and lungs.
I'd recommend walking to other people because it is simple and
cheap; you can do it alone or with friends and you can enjoy beautiful
scenery at the same time.
7. -----------------------------------------------------------------
ood that you would likeEgyptian f
people from other countries to try
Thousands of years ago, ancient Egyptians left evidence of their love
for food. Well-preserved wall paintings and carvings have been discovered
on tombs and temples. Many of these ancient foods are still eaten in
Egyptian families today. Peas, beans, cucumbers, dates, figs, and grapes
were popular fruits and vegetables in ancient times. In Egypt, most
establishments use native ingredients and will offer fruits and vegetables in
season. Many of the smaller, Egyptian-style restaurants specialize in basic
meat and bean dishes. For most Egyptians, meat is a luxury used in small
amounts, cooked with vegetables, and served with or over rice.
* evidence :دﻟﯿﻞ
* peas :اﻟﺒﺎزﻻء)اﻟﺒﺴﻠﺔ(
* cucumbers :اﻟﺨﯿﺎر
* grapes :اﻟﻌﻨﺐ
* a luxury :ﺗﺮف
* well-preserved :
ﺟﯿﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮظﺔ
* dates :اﻟﺘﻤﺮ)اﻟﺒﻠﺢ(
* establishments:ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت
* specialize in :ﻓﻰ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ
* carvings :اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻮﺗﺔ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء
* beans :اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻮﻟﯿﺎ
* figs :اﻟﺘﯿﻦ
* native ingredients :
اﻷﺻ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎتﻠﯿﺔ
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How you think people could protect the environment in your town
?or city
It is clear that our environment is exposed to a great
danger because the climate has become more warming than
before. All of us must co-operate and stand as a one man to put
and end to this serious problem which threatens our life. For
example we must reduce the amount of chemicals, carbon
dioxide and energy. We can also grow plants because the trees
purify the air through getting carbon dioxide and emitting
oxygen necessary for life.
In brief, we must exert great efforts to solve this problem
which threatens our life on and to lead a happy life free from
problems.
* exposed to :ﻟــ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ
* purify :ﯾﻨﻘﻰ
* emitting :إﻧﺒﻌﺎث
* put and end to :
ﻟــ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﻀﻊ
* threaten :ﺗﮭﺪد
* reduce :ﯾﻘﻠﻞ
8. Unit ( 1 )
Positive Contributions elderly people can make to society
اﻟﺗﻰ اﻻﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ اﻻﺳﮭﺎﻣﺎتﻟﻠﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﯾﻘدﻣوھﺎ ان اﻟﺳن ﻛﺑﺎر ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ
Never does life stop at a certain age; elderly people can benefit their
society greatly. They always like feeling useful and think they can make a
difference to society. They have special qualities that younger people lack;
they have more experience and knowledge which goes hand in hand with
being calmer and more patient when dealing with different situations. Also,
they are really sensible in making decisions. Furthermore, they can make
use of their free time in teaching illiterate people, doing charitable work and
help children with health problems. Finally, not having enough to do to fill the
hours in the day is one of the biggest reasons for depression and boredom
attacks elderly people.
* certain :ﻣﺤﺪد–ﻣﻌﯿﻦ
* sensible :ﻣﻌﻘﻮل–ﺣﺴﺎس
* depression :اﻛﺘﺌﺎب
* lack (v) :ﯾﻨﻘﺺ
* Furthermore :
ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼوة
* boredom :ﻣﻠﻞ
* hand in hand :ﺑﯿﺪ ﯾﺪا
* illiterate people :اﻷﻣﯿﯿﻦ
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s why I like my jobThe reason
ﻋﻣﻠﻲ اﺣب اﺟﻠﮭﺎ ﻣن اﻟﺗﻰ اﻻﺳﺑﺎب
Sometimes I ask myself what if I wasn't an engineer. Really, I've
always decided to be an engineer. The reason why I like this job is that I
meet all kinds of people that makes me gain good experience in dealing with
others. Also, I find this job different everyday as I am not chained to the
same chair doing the same routine. Moreover, despite working outside in the
heat with the noise of heavy machines around me all the time, I am proud to
be helping to build the renaissance of my country. I work on a lot of useful
projects such as planning roads, building bridges and dams. These projects
will make Egypt richer and that will be good for our children and
grandchildren. In a word, for these reasons I can't imagine myself in another
job.
* not chained :ﻣﻘﯿﺪ ﻏﯿﺮ * renaissance :ﻧﮭﻀﺔ * imagine :ﯾﺘﺨﯿﻞ
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9. Unit ( 2 )
Life in the future
اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﯾﺎة
Life in the future will be different from life now. Many changes will take
place in every field. New inventions and new discoveries will appear. Man
will send more spaceshipsto other planets and may find life possible there.
Vast areas of the world’s desert will be reclaimed. The production of food will
increase. A cure for dangerous diseases such as cancer and AIDS may be
discovered.
New sources of energy will be found. Computers will be widely used in
all fields, especially in education. Means of transport will be faster and more
comfortable. In fact, life will be very complicated and man will depend
completely on machines. No one can be sure if life in the future will be better
or worse.
* reclaim :ﯾﺴﺘﺼﻠﺢ
* completely :ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ
* planets :ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ
* widely used : واﺳﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم
* possible :ﻣﻤﻜﻦ
* depend on : ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ
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Unit ( 3 )
Internet shopping
Doubtless, online shopping has become so popular today. It has some
advantages and disadvantages for companies and consumers. As for
companies; they have a bigger market: they can sell anywhere in the world.
They don't need to spend money on shops and places to sell their products,
they only need to have a website. This way they can sell the products more
cheaply. As for consumers, things are cheaper for them to buy and they
have more choice because they can shop in many different places,
looking for the cheapest prices. They can buy everything online and
from home. They don't have to go to the shops, so it is quick and
convenient.
However, this kind of shopping can be risky for customers for
many reasons: firstly, there aren't any real products to pick up.
Secondly, to buy online, you should have a credit card and this may be
risky because of the credit fraud. Thirdly, older people and people who
don't have experience using a computer might find it difficult. Fourthly,
sometimes the wrong products are sent or they arrive damaged or don't
arrive at all.
In the end if you shop online, you must use only trusted companies
and not give your bank information.
* Doubtless :ﺷﻚ ﺑﻼ
* website :اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ
* damaged :ﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ
* convenient :ﻣﻼﺋﻢ–ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ
* fraud :إﺣﺘﯿﺎل
* trusted :ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﻮﺛﻮق
* risky :ﺧﻄﯿﺮ
* pick up :ﯾﻠﺘﻘﻂ
Consumersﻣﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﯿﻦ
10. Different forms of money
Money has changed over the years because the way we
buy things has also changed. Thousands of years ago, people
had no system of money. At first, they used to exchange
anything they had. Time passed, many different things were
used as money in various parts of the world. These included
sharks' teeth and certain types of sea shells. Then, gold was
very popular because it keeps its value and doesn't rust. These
days, the most modern way of buying goods and services is by
credit card. In the future, more and more of us will use credit
cards and cash will be a thing of the past.
* sharks' teeth :
اﻟﻘﺮش ﺳﻤﻚ أﺳﻨﺎن
* shells :أﺻﺪاف
* rust :ﯾﺼﺪأ
* keep its value :
ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮫ ﯾﺤﻔﻆ
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Unit ( 4 )
oleranceTooperation andC
In fact, cooperation together with tolerance is essential for
the success of any work and any company. Good teamwork
requires that team members cooperate fully and show tolerance
to each other. Each member does his part cooperatively, which
in turn facilitates the work of the whole group. They do the work
in a lovely atmosphere and achieve their goals.
Furthermore, people can't get on and agree all the time.
Thus, showing tolerance to inflexible people melts all the
disagreements among the members making them friendly and
helpful with each others. Finally, when people cooperate with
each other, life will be better for all.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
* essential for :ﻟــ أﺳﺎﺳﻰ
* facilitate :ﺗﺴﮭﻞ
* melt (v) :ﯾﺬﯾﺐ
* fully :ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ
* inflexible :ﻣﺮن ﻏﯿﺮ
* cooperatively :
ﻣﺘﻌﺎون ﺑﺸﻜﻞ–ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﻰ
11. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Being tolerant is the best quality
It's natural that not all people get on and agree all the time that's
because I think the best quality a person should have in his life is tolerance.
There are many fruits one can reap at home, at work and even among his
neighbourhood. Firstly, families are like teams and they need to show
tolerance towards each other at times; in turn a warmth atmosphere will
encircle the family and strengthens ties among its members. Secondly,
sometimes showing tolerance to inflexible people melts all the
disagreements among the members making them friendly and helpful. This
in turn facilitates the work of the whole group and help colleagues to achieve
their goals. Thirdly, being tolerant with your neighbours makes the
neighbourhood a better and more friendly place to live in.
Last but not the least; a tolerant person makes lots of friends.
* reap (v) :ﯾﺠﻨﻰ
* This in turn :ﺑﺪوره ھﺬا
* Last but not the least :
ﺑﺄﺧﺮ وﻟﯿﺲ أﺧﯿﺮا
* neighbourhood :اﻟﺠﯿﺮة
* encircle :ﺗﻄﻮﯾﻖ
* goals :أھﺪاف
* warmth :داﻓﺊ
* towards :ﻧﺤﻮ
* strengthens ties :
اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﯾﻘﻮى
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 5 )
Why people should keep to the rules
Doubtless, rules organize people's lives and help them to work
together and to cooperate. Firstly, they help people know what is right to
follow and what is wrong to avoid. Secondly, they help to make sure things
run smoothly and that people know what other people will do in certain
situations. Thirdly, they help to make it possible to organize things. For
example, in families there may be rules about bedtime, doing homework,
helping with chores: in school there may be rules about uniform, meal times,
play times, etc. When driving a car, there are rules about speed, traffic
lights, roundabouts, etc.
However, if there are no rules, or people break the rules, people don't
know what others will do in certain situations and it makes life unpredictable.
People can get hurt, cars can crash and there could be a complete lack of
order.
* rules :ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ
* bedtime :اﻟﻨﻮم وﻗﺖ
* meal times :اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت أوﻗﺎت
* organize :ﯾﻨﻈﻢ
* chores :اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﯿﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل
* roundabouts :اﻟﺪوراﻧﺎت
* smoothly :ﺑﺴﻼﺳﺔ
* uniform :اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ اﻟﺰى
* unpredictable:ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ
----------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Rules
Rules are important in many situations. For example, rules are
important in families. Children should obey their parents and go to bed on
time. Rules are also important when driving a car. Drivers should stop at
traffic lights and stop if they see an old person trying to cross the road. If a
person breaks the rules, then there can be all kinds of trouble. If rules are
broken in the family, this can result in an unhappy family, and if rules are
broken on the road, this can result in death.
* obey :ﯾﻄﯿﻊ * traffic lights :اﻟﻤﺮور إﺷﺎرات * result in :ﻋﻨﮫ ﯾﻨﺘﺞ
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The qualities needed for leadership
Leaders are examples people follow in their footsteps and hang
around to organize their lives. There are some qualities leaders should
have whether they are inborn in them or they acquire. Hence, good
leaders should be calm and patient. So they can talk to people easily
and make the right decisions. They need to be intelligent and
understanding, too. They ought to be tolerant and get on with each
others in particular those who oppose them. Also, they have to be
sensible if there are any disagreements and do their best to settle the
disputes.
Finally, good leaders work for the benefit of the whole world.
* footsteps :اﻷﻗﺪام ﺧﻄﻮات * inborn in them :
ﺑﮭﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﻮدون
* disputes :ﻧﺰاﻋﺎت–ﺧﻼﻓﺎت
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 6 )
The importance of motivation
Motivation helps you go through difficult times, and push you to excel
in your life. It is essential if you want to succeed. First, if you are motivated,
you like to do your work so it's much easier for you to do. You don't need
other people to push you. Second, you need motivation to keep moving
forward when the situation is difficult. Without it, it's easy to give up when
you meet obstacles. Third, motivation helps you enjoy your journey to
success. The journey to success is not easy. Furthermore, it's a long way.
At last, motivation can make the difference between being a winner
and a loser in life.
* motivation :داﻓﻊ
* obstacles :اﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎت
* excel :ﯾﺘﻔﻮق
* keep moving forward :
ﻟﻸﻣﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ﻓﻰ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ
* essential :
ﺿﺮورى-ﺟﻮھﺮى
----------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Why do people climb mountains?
All of us at certain times in our lives want to conquer great challenges.
Climbing big dangerous mountains may be the most obvious reason for
people who enjoy challenge and prove that they could overcome all the
obstacles, it is not climbing the mountain that is the hardest thing; it is
actually what is in mind - thinking about their dangers, missing family and
friends. However, there is no room for mistakes. They have to do everything
correctly because the dangers are very high. Furthermore, some climbers
see it as their lifelong ambition that they want to fulfill. They have always
been inspired by stories of great climbers who were motivated by something
greater than themselves. Moreover for others, it is a national pride; they are
proud of their country and they want to honour their county by their climbing
achievements.
In the end, while mountain climbing can be one of the most exciting
and challenging sports, there are also many dangers involved in mountain
climbing which one should consider.
* conquer :ﯾﻘﮭﺮ–ﯾﮭﺰم
* obvious :واﺿﺢ
* prove :ﯾﺜﺒﺖ
* achievements :إﻧﺠﺎزات
* overcome :ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺘﻐﻠﺐ
* no room for mistakes :
ﻟﻸﺧﻄﺎء ﻣﺠﺎل ﻻ
* honour :ﯾﻜﺮم
* fulfill :ﯾﺤﻘﻖ
* inspire :ﯾﻠﮭﻢ
* pride :ﻓﺨﺮ
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 7 )
The importance of international trade
The development of international trade brought many changes to the
world. People from different countries meet each other for the first time. As
well as trading goods, they trade ideas and teach each other many new
things. Hence, international trade is intercultural. Moreover, Companies from
one country often trade in many other countries. They hire local workers at
low wages. Thus, companies make more profit and at the same time, they
create more jobs for countries all over the world. However, global trading is
affected by the economic crisis; that's to say if the economy goes bad in one
country, all the other countries may affect.
* Hence :وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ–ﺛﻢ وﻣﻦ
* create :ﯾﺨﻠﻖ
* intercultural :اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ
* economic crisis :
إﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ أزﻣﺔ
* hire :ﯾﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮوا
* economy :إﻗﺘﺼﺎد
----------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Another Paragraph
the international tradeThe importance of
International trade is the exchange of goods and services between
countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices
or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events. Trading
globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to
goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost every kind of
product can be found on the international market; foods, clothes, spare parts
and oil. The internet is the widest current marketplace for international trade
as the business world has become aware of the benefits brought by it;
therefore so many websites were born and keep appearing in the endless
universe or the World Wide Web.
* the exchange of :ﻟــ ﺗﺒﺎدل
* spare parts :ﻗﻄﻊﻏﯿﺎر
* the widest :أوﺳﻊ
* aware of :ﺑــ دراﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
* universe :اﻟﻜﻮن
* demand :طﻠﺐ
* services :ﺧﺪﻣﺎت
* current :ﺣﺎﻟﻰ
* benefits :ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ
* available :ﻣﺘﺎح
* market :اﻟﺴﻮق
* marketplace :اﻟﺴﻮق
* endless :ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺑﻼ
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Globalization
Globalization is the system in which the same products are sold
throughout the world by huge multinational companies. Everybody wears the
same trainers, eats the same fast food, drinks the same drinks and watches
the same programmes on television. Globalization is seen as a threat by
increasing numbers of people. People feel that globalization is growing as
consumers are not given a choice. They worry about the effect globalization
will have on the culture of individual countries, cities and towns. Moreover, in
a global market, the bigger companies have more money to expand and
advertise, and they can also make and sell their products cheaply. The
result is that people stop buying from the smaller, local companies. Some
people might see the global culture as a good thing as it brings people
together and means that we have cheap food.
* globalization :اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ
* trainers :اﻷﺣﺬﯾﺔ
* advertise :ﯾﻌﻠﻦ
* a threat :ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ
* a choice :إﺧﺘﯿﺎر
* means :ﯾﻌﻨﻰ
* effect :ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ
* expand :ﯾﻮﺳﻊ
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15. Unit ( 8 )
How people should feel about their situations in life
Not many people are content with the situation of their lives. They
either blame bad luck or circumstances for their miserable living conditions,
especially when they are born poor. Perhaps, they feel a bit disappointed if
they haven't got nice clothes or nice jewellery to wear at formal occasions
....etc.
They only believe that happiness is in collecting money which makes
their daydreams come true, everything may not really be what they think it is
that they may get deceived by its appearance. Hence, everybody should be
happy with their lives and be proud of what they I have got. They must know
that qualities make men highly respected. They must work hard to improve
themselves as hard work is the way to real happiness.
In the end, I see that if one feels his inner satisfaction, he misses
nothing in life.
* blame :ﯾﻠﻮم
* content with :ﺑــ راﺿﻰ
* disappointed :ﻣﺤﺒﻂ
* deceive :ﯾﺨﺪع
* improve :ﯾﺤﺴﻦ
* daydreams :اﻟﯿﻘﻈﺔ أﺣﻼم
* bad luck :ﺳﺊ ﺣﻆ
* circumstances :ظﺮوف
* formal occasions :
رﺳﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت
* appearance :ﻣﻈﮭﺮ
* inner :داﺧﻠﻰ
* miserable :ﺑﺎﺋﺲ
* living conditions :
اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﺔ ظﺮوف
* respected :ﻣﺤﺘﺮم
* satisfaction :رﺿﺎء
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 9 )
The benefits of international sports
Doubtless, International sports encourage world understanding among
countries. People travel to other countries and meet other cultures. They feel
proud of their player's sports achievements and appreciate athletes from
other countries. Furthermore, international sports encourage world peace.
They are the field where countries with political disagreements forget them
and turn over a new leaf.
Moreover, they have become big business for most countries
especially the poorest. For the host countries, they get lots of publicity
creating a boom, in tourism and business. One thing important, is fair play
and honesty are important in international sports because all competitors
and countries must be seen to have an equal chance.
* appreciate :ﯾﻘﺪر
* boom :رواج
* publicity :دﻋﺎﯾﺔ
* turn over a new leaf :
ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﯾﻔﺘﺢ
* equal chance :
ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ
* host countries :
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻀﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﺪول
----------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Unit ( 10 )
Organic farming
Today more and more people are becoming interested in organic
farming for different reasons. Organic farmers grow food naturally without
using pesticides or chemical fertilizers. They claim that pesticides kill the
small creatures and insects that birds and other wildlife feed on. They are
poisonous, expensive and very harmful to the soil.
Moreover, supermarkets in many countries have shelves for organic
food. Consumers don't object to paying a bit extra for healthy food that has
no side-effects on their health.
In the end, if you ask me which you buy organic or inorganic, I'd say
buy organic food and save your health.
* claim :ﯾﺪﻋﻰ
* shelves :أرﻓﻒ
* a bit extra :ﻗﻠﯿﻼ أﻛﺜﺮ
* creatures :ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت
* feed on :ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺘﻐﺬى
* insects :ﺣﺸﺮات
* object to :ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺘﺮض
----------------------------------------------------------------------
GM foods
Genetically-modified foods can solve many of the world's hunger and
help protect and preserve the environment. Yet, there are many challenges
ahead for governments, especially in the areas of safety testing, regulation,
international policy and food labeling.
Many people feel that genetic engineering is the technology of the
future. We can't ignore its benefits. However, we must proceed with caution
to avoid causing unintended harm to human health and the environment as
a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology.
* hunger :ﺟﻮع
* safety testing :
اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر
* ignore :ﯾﺘﺠﺎھﻞ
* benefits :ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ
* unintended :ﻣﻘﺼﻮد ﻏﯿﺮ
* preserve :ﯾﺤﻔﻆ
* enthusiasm :ﺣﻤﺎس
* international policy :
اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ
* proceed with :ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻀﻰ
* harm :أذى
* ahead for :أﻣﺎم
* regulation :اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ
* food labeling :
اﻷﻏﺬﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﯿﻜﺖ وﺿﻊ
* caution :ﺣﺬر
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Keeping Your Body Healthy
Would you like to live a longer life? To live longer, you must keep
your body healthy, and I have some suggestions for you. First you must
eat healthy foods that will provide necessary protein, vitamins, and
carbohydrates. You should not eat food that contains fats and
cholesterol because they clog your arteries and cause heart attacks.
Proper diet can help to keep you body healthy.
17. The second important requirement is regular exercise. You should
exercise every day. You might jog or lift weights to keep your body
healthy and active. The third and most important point is, not to take
illegal drugs. Drugs can ruin your life and the lives of your family. You
should not smoke, and you should not take heroin.
By keeping your body healthy now while you are young, you could
live longer, and you might enjoy life more.
* clog arteries :
اﻟﺸﺮاﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺴﺪ
* requirement :ﻣﻄﻠﺐ
* active :ﻧﺸﯿﻂ
* ruin :ﺗﺪﻣﺮ
* heart attacks :ﺎت أزﻣ
ﻗﻠﺒﯿﺔ
* regular exercise :
ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ
* illegal drugs :ﻣﺨﺪرات
* proper diet :
اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم
* jog :اﻟﺒﻄﺊ اﻟﺠﺮى
* lift weights :أﺛﻘﺎل رﻓﻊ
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 11 )
The dangers of being too ambitious
People need to be ambitious if they want to reach their goals in their
lives. However, determination and too much ambition are sometimes
dangerous because you don't see alternatives to achieve your goals. You
may hurt others without being conscious for the sake of your private interest
and even destroy yourself. Therefore, it is important to balance between
your ambition and the safety of others. Also, it is important to think of other
people and the consequences of your actions.
In the end, you must not think only of yourself and your goals
regardless to those who are around you.
* determination :اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ
* for the sake of :أﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ
* regardless to :ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻐﺾ
* alternatives :ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ
* interest :اھﺘﻤﺎم
* conscious :واﻋﻰ
* consequences :ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 12 )
The ideal house
Living in a high tech house has some advantages and disadvantages.
The computer controls many of the routine jobs that up to now have always
been our responsibility. Also, you can use your mobile to lock or unlock the
door; to start cooking without being there yourself, so you could save time.
However, what happens if the computer systems suddenly breakdown? In
addition, it is very expensive and if you lost your mobile, someone else could
enter your house.
In the end, if I chose between a traditional house and a high-tech, I'd
choose a traditional one.
* responsibility :ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺔ
18. The advantages and disadvantages of
the market and the supermarket
Do you prefer to do your shopping going to the market or the
supermarket? Some people prefer buying their things from the market. They
claim that there is less choice and most things are cheaper. So, they can
save money and spend less money shopping. Also, most supermarkets are
often on the outskirts of cities so you need to use a car.
On the other hand, many people are in favour of the supermarket
claiming that they have a lot more choice and you can buy everything in one
place. They also have many imported things that are sold at low prices.
They can make bargains and have big discounts. For me, I'd like to buy
fresh, eye-seen products.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 13 )
The Mobile phone
Just like any other modern device, the mobile phone has become an
indispensable part of our lives. Many people see that its advantages are
numerous to count. Suppose your car broke down and you need help then
you can call for a mechanic. Moreover, you can do business, check for your
e-mails, surf the net, and contact someone if there is a necessity. Now, I will
move on to the disadvantages, a considerable number of people claim there
is a link between mobile phones and cancer! Also, using the mobile while
driving causes to have accidents besides it is a means of disturbances.
In the end, if there was a need to use a telephone, I would use a
mobile, but less.
* device :ﺟﮭﺎز
* suppose :اﻓﺘﺮض
* a necessity :ﺿﺮورة
* indispensable :ﻋﻨﮫ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻻ
* a considerable number :
ﺑﮫ ﺑﺄس ﻻ ﻋﺪد
* numerous to count :
ﺗﻌﺪ أن ﻛﺜﯿﺮة
* disturbances :
اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت-ازﻋﺎج
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Internet
The internet has become known to everyone now because of the
development occurred in information technology. Besides its being source of
information, it has made communication easy and simple. Sending
messages that used to take months can be done now within seconds. You
can send a message to thousands of people in different places by just
pressing send button. World has become a village because of internet and
information technology. You can get information about any places you want
by just searching the name of that place on a search engine like Yahoo or
Google. You can see and talk with people from thousands of miles far from
you. Internet is one of the greatest developments the world has ever known.
19. Unit ( 14 )
nline distance learningO
Online distance learning is an instructional system which connects
learners with educational resources. Students work on their own at home, or
at school and communicate with faculty and other students via e-mail, video
conferencing and other forms of computer-based communication. There are
both advantages and disadvantages to online distance learning.
Online distance learning is available all the time and everywhere.
However, there are drawbacks for some learners. The online learner only
has the written text; this may confuse the learner and cause
misunderstanding. While distance learning allows openness, it is also
cumbersome because it is done by e-mail messages and writing , therefore
it may take more time than face- to-face learning.
Online distance learning is important for students who may be unable
to attend classes for various reasons like illnesses or busy schedules. They
just want to do their studies at home.
* distance learning :
ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ
* Via :طﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﻦ
* face - to-face learning :
ﻟﻮﺟﮫ وﺟﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ
* instructional system :
اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم
* openness :إﻧﻔﺘﺎح
* schedules :اﻟﺠﺪاول
* educational resources:
ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﺼﺎدر
* Cumbersome :ﻣﺮھﻘﺔ
* confuse :ﯾﺮﺑﻚ
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 15 )
( Siwa Oasis )A touristic place
You are going to love the fabulous landscapes of Siwa Oasis. It is the
largest oasis in Egypt. It lies in a deep depression. All over this historic
oasis, you will find natural wells, hot springs where bubbles come up from 15
to 20 meters under the ground. You can see traditional streets and houses,
walk around the historical sites. Also you can buy jewellery, hand-made
rugs, baskets, traditional clothes and head dresses decorated with old coins.
The Siwans who lie there are very friendly. They have their own culture and
customs.
In fact, I recommend Siwa Oasis to anyone who likes an adventure
holiday.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
A place that is off the beaten track
Obviously, most tourists today tend to get off the beaten destinations.
Among the historic places in Egypt, I'd recommend Siwa for those who love
ecotourism. Siwa lies in a deep depression in the western desert. All over
this historic oasis, you will find natural wells and palm trees with good quality
20. dates. The people there are very friendly and hospitable. You can go on
safari and enjoy camping in tents sharing Bedouin night entertainments. The
Siwans' traditions still exist to this day. Women wear their traditional clothes.
In fact, Siwa is one of the best places in Egypt to buy jewellery, rugs
and baskets.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit ( 16 )
The importance of tourism
It's known that tourism is the second important earner for foreign
currency in Egypt. Its benefits are numerous such as creating more job
opportunities; it employs huge numbers of Egyptian youth in hotel staffs, tour
guides, … etc.
It also helps to promote the cultures of different countries by allowing
many more people to visit more far away places and maintains and supports
many famous monuments.
Egyptian travel agents think that by the year 2017, sixteen million
tourists will visit Egypt each year, compared to the nine million who visited in
2006. If this happens, new hotels and roads will have to be built and new
parks and resorts will need to be planned.
* earner for foreign currency :
اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ
* promote the cultures :اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ
* maintains :ﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ
* supports :ﯾﺪﻋﻢ
* parks and resorts :وﻣﻨﺘﺠﻌﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﺰھﺎت
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unemploymentاﻟﺑطﺎﻟﺔ
Unemployment means that there aren’t enough jobs for people. The
most important cause of unemployment is over-population. Thousands of
young people graduate every year from schools and universities. They
remain for long years without jobs. This is because most of them are waiting
for governmental jobs.
Another cause of unemployment is the increasing use of modern
technology in all fields. Man depends a lot on machines. This leads to a lack
of job opportunities.
To solve this problem, we should encourage young people to go the
desert and reclaim it. They should look for jobs in the new cities. Banks can
lend them loansto start their own projects.
* governmental jobs :ﺣﻛوﻣﯾﺔ وظﺎﺋف * loans :ﻗروض
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21. Unit ( 17 )
Science
There is no doubt that we live in the age of science and technology.
Much of our progress is resulted of them. If we look at the latest discoveries
in medicine, engineering and space travel. Computer and the internet are
the inventions that make everything possible. The invention of planes and
cars has led to great progress in transport. They made the world as if it is a
global village. Another, many of the luxury goods we have, make our lives
more comfortable and easier. In a word, science is the way to advance.
* progress :ﺗﻘﺪم
* resulted of :ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺞ
* the way to advance :اﻟﺘﻘﺪم طﺮﯾﻖ
* the latest :أﺣﺪث
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ges and disadvantages ofatThe advan
scientific research
Doubtless, scientific research is the way to progress; there is much to
be said in favour of it. Scientific research has always been beneficial to
mankind. We can improve health, food production, education, travel and
nearly every aspects of our life. Scientific researchers can also develop
vaccines against fatal diseases.
On the other hand, it sometimes turns into a harmful thing to our
planet. Advanced weapons may cause a lot of damage. They may take the
lives of many innocent people. Science experiments which go wrong can
affect people. Whatever the benefits of scientific research, scientists must
take caution not to panic people.
* in favour of :ﻟــ ﻣﺆﯾﺪ
* beneficial to :ﻟــ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ
* aspects :أوﺟﮫ
* fatal diseases :ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺔ أﻣﺮاض
* innocent people :اﻷﺑﺮﯾﺎء
* panic people :اﻟﻨﺎس ﯾﻔﺰع
* Scientific research :اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
* mankind :اﻟﺒﺸﺮى اﻟﺠﻨﺲ
* vaccines :ﻟﻘﺎﺣﺎت
* advanced weapons :ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ أﺳﻠﺤﺔ
* take caution :ﺣﺬره ﯾﺄﺧﺬ
