3. OBJECTIVES
• At the end of the discussion about
Consciousness you are expected to:
COGNITIVE:
define consciousness in your own
words
examine critically one’s
consciousness
4. AFFECTIVE
find pleasure in studying the
consciousness of human beings
PSYCHOMOTOR
draw-out conclusions based on the
given
facts
about
human
consciousness
7. William James
• One of the
earliest
Psychologists
who dealt
with
consciousness
8. Established the first laboratory
of experimental Psychology in
Harvard University
Believes that our everyday
conscious experience is only one
of the possible forms of
consciousness
9. He argued that there are
uncharted regions of human
consciousness that can be
explored by studying mental
illnesses, dreams and drug use
14. Daydreaming
• This is the period
of focused,
directed thinking
and feeling
about fantasies
15. Daydreams include fantasies
about ordinary, everyday things
as well as extravagant flights of
fancy (Klinger,1987)
Daydreams add color and
intrigue to our lives, making
them more exciting.
16. Advantages and Uses of
daydreams
Daydreams help make our life
more creative and original
Use the past to explore the
future
Help develop your personality
17. Divided Consciousness
• Characterized by splitting of two
conscious activities that occur
simultaneously, performing two
activities at the same time
19. Selective Attention
• The cognitive mental
process that limits the
amount of information
into consciousness
20. Attention
• William James referred to this as
the means by which we can scan
the environment and select only
stimuli to which we respond
while ignoring other stimuli
30. • In some forms of meditation,
the individual repeats a sound
or word silently to himself or
herself – these words which
have religious meanings are
known as mantras
35. Can be therapeutic for
various psychological and
psychosomatic disorders like
anxiety, phobia, posttraumatic stress disorders,
mild depression, etc.
36. NEGATIVE
Psychological difficulties at any
stage specifically for beginners –
episodes of anxiety and depression
and even psychotic breaks
particularly for those with history of
previous psychosis may surface
according to some experts
38. Is a psychological state, induced
by ritualistic procedure in which
the subject experiences changes
in perception, memory and
behavior in response to
suggestions by the hypnotist
39. Characteristics
1. A sense of deep relaxation
and peacefulness exists
2. A hypnotized person
experiences hypnotic
hallucinations
40. 3. When told to do so, the
subject may experience
hypnotic analgesia, that is,
the subject may lose the
sense of touch or pain in
some regions of the body
41. 4. The subject can sometimes be
made to feel that he or she is
going back in time to an earlier
stage of life, such as childhood
5. The actions of hypnotized
individual sometimes seem as
if they are out of individual’s
control
42. Depersonalization
• Refers to the perceptual experience of
one’s body becoming “distorted” or
“unreal”
• It includes the illusion that the mind has
left the body and traveled about in a so
called “out-of-body experience” or
“astral projection”
46. A. Stimulants
Drugs that increase the
activity of the CNS –
providing a sense of energy
and well-being
Often they are called uppers
47. Examples
• Caffeine – coffee, tea, soft drinks
• Nicotine – cigarettes and other
tobacco products
HEALTH RISK
• Abnormal heart rhythms, anxiety,
insomnia
48. • Amphetamines – stimulant drugs
that generally produce a conscious
sense of increased energy,
alertness, enthusiasm, and a
euphoria
49. Amphetamine Psychosis
A prolonged reaction to excessive
use of stimulants characterized
by distorted thinking, confused
and rapidly changing emotions
and intense suspiciousness
50. • Cocaine – made from the leaves of
coca plants
–Commonly inhaled as powder or
smoked in the dangerously powerful
form known as crack and the poor
man’s cocaine known as shabu
–Repeated use often causes a paranoid
suspiciousness
51. B. Narcotics
• Are powerful and highly
addictive depressants
• Examples: Heroin , opium –
relieve pain and induce a sudden
rushing high, followed by a
relaxed lethargic drowsiness
52. C. Depressants
• Are a large class of
psychoactive drugs that
influence conscious
experience by depressing
parts of the CNS
53. Examples
• Alcohol – most widely abused
drug to which most individuals
are physiologically addicted
- psychotropic drug in liquid
form
54. Effects
• Works principally as a depressant,
though it stimulates sociability and
exuberant activity
• It impairs visual judgment and
motor control and induces
sleepiness
• It worsens negative moods,
55. • Sedatives - Often called
downers, are depressants that
in mild doses generally produce
a state of calm relaxation
• Prescribe to aid sleep and
sometimes to combat anxiety
56. • Tranquilizers - Milder drugs
that are similar to sedatives
• They produce a sense of
calm relaxation for a brief
period of time
57. D. Hallucinogens
• Sometimes called psychedelics
• These drugs alter perceptual
experiences, but only large doses
cause vivid hallucinations
• Examples are Mescaline, Lysergic
acid diethylamide (LSD) and
psilocybin
58. Other Drugs
• Marijuana – produces a sense of
relaxation and well-being
–Prolonged use decreases the
efficiency of cognitive process,
weakens the body immune system,
decreases the action of male
hormones and increases risk of lung
cancer
59. • Inhalants – substances that
when inhaled produce a sense
of intoxication
–Toxic (poisonous) substances are
glue, paint, etc.
–These toxic fumes often cause
permanent damage and other
serious complications