Group dynamics is an important topic in the Educational management field. The presentation describes the different aspects related to group dynamics.

1. GROUP DYNAMICS
By Dr. Neha Deo

2. What is a group?
◻ A group can be defined as several individuals who
come together to accomplish a particular task or
goal.

3. Group & Dynamics
◻ The phrase "Group Dynamics" contains two
words- (i) Group- a social unit of two or more
individuals who have in common a set of beliefs
and values, follow the same norms and works for
an establish-able common aim. The members of
the group share a set of common purpose, tasks
or goals. (ii) Dynamics- the flow of, coherent
activities which as envisaged, will lead the group
towards the establishment of its set goals.

4. Group Dynamics
◻ Kurt Lewin coined the term in 1930.Group
dynamics describes both a subject matter & a
scientific field of study.
◻ The way groups & individuals act & react to
changing circumstances is called as group
dynamics
◻ Group dynamics refers to those forces operating
or present in the group and which influence the
behaviour of the members of the group.

5. Group Dynamics
◻ Group dynamics refers to the attitudinal and
behavioural characteristics of a group. Group
dynamics concern how groups form, their structure
and process, and how they function. Group dynamics
are relevant in both formal and informal groups of all
types. In an organizational setting, groups are a very
common organizational entity and the study of groups
and group dynamics is an important area of study in
organizational behaviour.

6. Group forces
◻ The forces mainly are the group composition,
group norms, group leader-ship, group
cohesiveness etc.
◻ This study is important to managers because it
provides information, how to control the groups.

7. Basic Assumptions Underlying
◻ Groups are inevitable & ubiquitous.
◻ Groups mobilize powerful forces that produce
effects of utmost importance to individuals.
◻ Groups may produce both good & bad
consequences.
◻ Correct understanding of group dynamics permits
the possibility that desirable consequences from
groups can be enhanced.

8. Stages of Group Development
◻ Forming
◻ Storming
◻ Norming
◻ Performing
◻ Adjourning

9. Group formation
Forming----Little Agreement
Unclear Purpose Guidance & Direction
Storming--Conflict
Increased clarity of Purpose Power
Struggles
Norming --Agreement & Consensus
Clear Roles and Responsibility
Facilitation
Performing--Clear Vision and Purpose
Focus on Goal Achievement Delegation
Adjourning -Task Completion
Good feeling about Achievement Recognition

10. Importance of group dynamics
◻ Formal & informal groups are becoming
increasingly important competitive force.
◻ Teamwork is the result of groups working together
effectively & efficiently achieving organizational
tasks vision & mission.
◻ It is useful to analyze group as a system.
◻ Manager can help & bring out higher performance
by weighing performance of the member.

11. Importance of Group dynamics
◻ It is a degree of diversity among group members-
which adds to the performance.
◻ Group training
◻ Team members get attracted towards a group for
a number of reasons. Size of the group also plays
an important role.
◻ Free riding may occur in the team

12. Importance of Group dynamics
◻ Social Loafing—group achievement.
◻ Team dynamic is measuring team performance
like as making each individual’s work visible.

13. Factors affecting efficiency of any group.
1. External conditions: The external conditions
include: the organization’s strategy, its rules,
regulations, its culture, physical work setting,
employee selection process etc.
2. Group structure: A group comprises of a number
of individuals and has a well defined structure.
Groups have structures that shape the behaviour
of its members and make it possible to predict and
explain the individual behaviour within the group as
well as the performance of the group as a whole.

14. Factors affecting efficiency of any group.
Group Structure:
Composition (Homogenous /heterogeneous)
Group size
Group Norms
Group Cohesiveness
Group Status (Of the person in the group )
Group Roles
Group Conformity
Group Resources
Group Processes
Group Performance

15. 1. Group Composition
◻ Homogenous or Heterogeneous
Homogenous Useful
Homogenous –It is useful –
1)When the activities are simple
2)The activities are having
specific sequence.
3)When co-operative work of
many people is needed.
4)When work is expected to be
completed in very short time
period.
Homogenous Useful
Heterogeneous- it is useful
when
1)The work is complicated.
2) Efforts of each & every one
is needed.
3)Innovative & creative
problem solving is needed.
4)A long time period is needed
to complete the task.

16. 2. Group size
◻ The effectiveness of the group is dependent on
the size of the group.
◻ If the group is large it will have more ideas, more
alternatives & more resources- but in big groups
sometimes few members they never give their
contribution in the group work. The frequency of
conflicting situations may be high.—In such case
leader is responsible to draw the best out of the
group.

17. 2.Group size…..continued
◻ One has to consider the following things while
deciding the appropriate size of the group:-
⮚ Interactions & their effect.-
⮚ Nature of the group
⮚ The ability of the leader manage conflict, to control
the group processes.
The decision on the size of the group varies as per
the situation.

18. 3.Norms

19. 3.Norms
◻ Some regularised behaviour is expected from the
group members. Norms bring consistency &
continuity in the behaviour.
◻ Norms are developed on the basis of tradition,
culture, nature of work, situation, & personality of
the members.
◻ Norms execute certain function for the group—

20. 3.Norms-Functions of the Norms-
Functions of the Norms-
They keep self esteem & image of the group
unobstructed. They save the groups in embarrassing
situation.
They keep the group surviving for a longer period. They
prevent group members from any action which will
cause some loss to the group.
They express values of the group & unique identity of
the group.
Norms can predict the behaviour of each other & they
don’t need to analyze them.

21. 3. Norms continued
◻ Norms control the behaviour of the members but
they cannot control their trust, thoughts, emotions
& values.

22. 4. Group Cohesiveness
◻ It is the desire of the group members to be together.
◻ It depends on attraction towards each other, motivation
given by the leader.
◻ If the group is homogenous, small, matured, interactive,
with clear objectives & having some threat from outside,
then the group remains bonded
& vice versa.

23. 4. Group Cohesiveness continued
◻ If the group is cohesive then the members are
very close to each other, they achieve their goals
satisfactorily, they get job satisfaction & they
interact very well with each other.

24. 5. Group Status
◻ Group Status:
◻ The term status refers to the relative ranking that
a person holds in a group. Status is determined in
the context of comparison. Therefore, status
defines the rank of an individual relative to others
in the organisation and the group. Status is in-fact
defined in terms of rights, privileges, duties and
obligations the individual holds in an organisation.

25. 6. Group Roles
◻ All members of group are expected to play
specific roles. A person is required to play a
number of roles and the behaviour varies with the
role he is playing. Different groups impose
different role requirements on individuals.
◻ Role identity, role perception, role expectations,
role enaction & role conformity are the different
factors affect the process of group dynamics.

26. 7. Group Conformity
◻ Conformity means adjusting one’s behaviour to align
with the norms of the group. There is considerable
evidence that groups can place strong pressures on
individuals to change their attitudes and behaviours
to conform to the group’s standards. Sometimes,
people belong to many groups at the same time and
their norms vary in some cases, there may be even
contradictory norms. The people, in such situations,
conform to the norms of the important group to which
they belong or hope to belong. The important groups
have been referred to as Reference Groups.

27. 8. Group Resources
◻ Group resources are the resources that an individual member
brings to the group.
◻ These resources may be categorized into two types:
◻ (i) Knowledge, skills, efficiency, capabilities and
◻ (ii) Personality characteristics (such as openness, honesty,
dominance, extrovertness etc.)
◻ Both these resources strongly affect the group performance by
influencing how an individual will interact with other group
members.

28. 9. Group Processes
◻ A process can be simply defined as a systematic
method of handling activities. Some of these
processes that effect group performance include
– the communication patterns, leader behaviour,
group decision making, inter group behaviour,
group cohesiveness etc. The group processes
may have a positive or at times even a negative
impact on the group performance.

29. 10. Group Performance
◻ Group performance is contingent upon a number
of factors. For instance, the external conditions
which include the rules, regulations, selection
procedure of the organisation etc. highly affect
groups performance. Similarly the group is more
likely to be productive when its members have
requisite skills and personality characteristics.
The group size, composition, norms,
cohesiveness etc.

30. References
◻ https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/group
-dynamics/group-performance-major-factors-which-
affects-group-performance/63918.
 Total Quality Management In Education,
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