Contents
The Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang Phase
Expanding Universe
Testing Big Bang Model
Dark matter & Dark energy
Evidence of dark matter
After time period of Big Bang
Life cycle of star
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
The Big Bang
1.
2. Group Name: Back Bencher
Group Members
S M Manna (14203083)
Sumon Kumar Ghosh (14203098)
Imam Uddin (14203071)
MD. Sayham Khan (14203123)
MD. Yousuf Hassan (14203100)
Presentation Day: 12 March 2015
2The Big Bang
3. Contents
• The Big Bang Theory
• The Big Bang Phase
• Expanding Universe
• Testing Big Bang Model
• Dark matter & Dark energy
• Evidence of dark matter
• After time period of Big Bang
• Life cycle of star
The Big Bang 3
4. The Big Bang
• The universe begins
~13.7 Billion years ago
• The universe begins as
the size of a single atom
• The universe began as a
violent expansion
– All matter and space
were created from a
single point of pure
energy in an instant.
Image 1: Beginning of Big Bang
4The Big Bang
5. The Big Bang: Phase
Phase 1
At the beginning of time, from
Complete nothingness, a cosmic
Explosion ignites.
Phase 2
The thrust from the explosion sends
Billions of tons of energy through space
And the elements begin to cool.
Image 2: Phase 1
Image 3: Phase 2
5The Big Bang
6. The Big Bang: Phase
Phase 3
Galaxies begin to take shape while
Still moving away from the initial
Point of ignition.
Phase 4
The universe continues to expand to
This very day.
Image 4: Phase 3
Image 5: Phase 4
6The Big Bang
7. Ever Expanding Universe
According to the
Big Bang model,
the
universe expande
d from an
extremely dense
and hot state and
continues to
expand today.
Image 6: Ever Expanding Universe
7The Big Bang
8. Testing the Big Bang model
• Prediction: If the universe was denser, hotter, in
past, we should see evidence of left-over heat
from early universe.
• Observation: Left-over heat from the early
universe. (Penzias and Wilson, 1965)
Image 7: Left over heat from early universe
8The Big Bang
9. Testing the Big Bang model
• Prediction: A hot, dense expanding universe,
should be predominantly hydrogen, helium.
• Observation: Universe is ~75% hydrogen,
~25% helium by mass
Image 8: The Sun: 74.5% H, 24% He by mass
Image 9: Cecilia Payne
9The Big Bang
10. Testing the Big Bang model
• Observation: 90% of matter is an
unknown form: Dark Matter.
• Refine: A new and unknown form of
matter exists. But its gravity
• works the same way, and its presence is
needed to explain how the universe looks.
Image 11: Vera Rubin
Image 10: Testing Big Bang
10The Big Bang
11. Expansion is accelerating
A recent discovery
and of unknown
origin, the concept of
Dark Energy is
actually an integral
part of Einstein’s
theory of gravity.
Image 12: Science Magazine
11The Big Bang
13. Evidence for Dark Energy -
supernovae as distance
indicators - step 1
Image 12: A dying star becomes a white dwarf.
13The Big Bang
14. Evidence for Dark Energy -
supernovae as distance
indicators - step 2
Image 13: The white dwarf strips gas from
its stellar companion….
14The Big Bang
15. Evidence for Dark Energy -
supernovae as distance
indicators - step 3
Image 14: ….and uses it to become a hydrogen bomb. Bang!
15The Big Bang
16. Evidence for Dark Energy -
supernovae as distance
indicators - step 4
Image 15: The explosion is as bright as an entire galaxy of stars….
16The Big Bang
17. Evidence for Dark Energy -
supernovae as distance
indicators - step 5
Image 16: and can be seen in galaxies across the universe.
17The Big Bang
18. How Everything Began
~ Several hundred thousand years
after Big Bang
• ATOMS form
(specifically
Hydrogen and its
isotopes with a small
amount of Helium.)
• The early Universe
was about 75%
Hydrogen and 25%
Helium. It is still
almost the same
today.
Figure 2: Atom Formation.
18The Big Bang
19. ~200 to 400 million years after Big Bang
• 1st stars and
galaxies
form
Image 17: ~200 to 400 million years after Big Bang
19The Big Bang
20. ~ 4.6 billion years ago
• Our Solar
system
forms
Image 18: Our Solar system forms
20The Big Bang
21. Misconceptions about the Big Bang
• there was no explosion; there was (and continues to be)
an expansion
– Rather than imagining a balloon popping and
releasing its contents, imagine a balloon expanding:
an infinitesimally small balloon expanding to the size
of our current universe
• we tend to image the singularity as a little fireball
appearing somewhere in space
– space began inside of the singularity. Prior to the
singularity, nothing existed, not space, time, matter, or
energy - nothing.
21The Big Bang
23. Big Bang evidence
1) Universal expansion and Hubble’s Law
2) 3 degree background radiation
3) Quasars
4) Radioactive decay
5) Stellar formation and evolution
6) Speed of light and stellar distances
23The Big Bang
24. Conclusions – Till Now
• Big Bang model describes our current
understanding of the universe.
• New discoveries, such as dark matter and
accelerating expansion (Dark Energy), lead
us to refine our model,
but there is no crisis in our understanding
(yet).
• Science is an ongoing process - forcing us to
test our model through prediction and
observation.
• The more tests it passes, the greater is our
confidence in it.
24The Big Bang
25. The Future of Cosmology:
Beyond Einstein
• What powered the Big Bang?
• What Is Dark Energy?
• How did the Universe begin?
25The Big Bang
26. LASTLY – we are pretty sure everything
has a beginning, right?
Image 20: Funny picture about Big Bang
26The Big Bang