Urban Produce Gardens and Maintenance of Nearby Parcels at the American Criminology Society 11-15-2013 (Alison Krusky)
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Urban Produce Gardens and Maintenance of Nearby Parcels: Allison M. Krusky, MPH, RD Justin E. Heinze, PhD Thomas M. Reischl, PhD Sophie M. Aiyer, PhD Susan Franzen, MS Marc A. Zimmerman, PhD
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Urban Produce Gardens and Maintenance of Nearby Parcels at the American Criminology Society 11-15-2013 (Alison Krusky)
- 1. Allison M. Krusky, MPH, RD Justin E. Heinze, PhD Thomas M. Reischl, PhD Sophie M. Aiyer, PhD Susan Franzen, MS Marc A. Zimmerman, PhD This project is supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grant Number 5U01CE001957-02. 1
- 2. FOCUS OF INTERVENTION INTERVENTION APPROACH UNIVERSAL HIGH RISK INDIVIDUAL RELATIONSHIP COMMUNITY Youth Empowerment Solutions Fathers & Sons Clean & Green Adopt-a-Lot ED Brief Intervention Mentoring Community Policing 2
- 3. 6,137 Properties Parcel Maintenance Observation Tool 3
- 4. Fear of crime Crime Negative health and social impacts 4
- 5. Improved mental health Reduced fear of crime Reduced crime 5
- 6. Residential Lawn Maintenance • Opportunity for social interaction • Opportunity for surveillance • Territorial marking • Improved neighborhood aesthetics 6
- 8. Community garden participants ◦ Social Capital ◦ Neighborhood Norms and Values 8
- 9. Residents ◦ Perceived as “safe areas” ◦ Connection to Nature ◦ Community Bond ◦ Empowerment 9
- 10. Produce Gardens • Sole purpose of parcel is to grow fruits and/or vegetables • Ownership – LandBank Properties – Local residents: Community garden – Individuals 10
- 11. Programs ◦ Clean and Green ◦ Adopt a Lot ◦ Land Lease 11
- 12. 1970 ◦ Population: 196,940 ◦ GM jobs: ~80,000 2010 ◦ Population: 102,434 ◦ GM jobs: <8,000 12
- 13. 13
- 14. Do urban produce gardens influence the lawn maintenance of nearby properties? 14
- 15. Mowing and Weeding Landscaping Litter and Trash 15
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- 19. Produce Gardens and Nearby Residential, Occupied Properties 19
- 20. Vacant Lots and Nearby Residential, Occupied Properties 20
- 22. Final Sample 22
- 23. Neighborhood Factors • Census – Population Density – Percent Occupied Households • MI-YVPC Survey – – – – Social Capital/ Cohesion Neighborhood Disorder Fear of Crime Neighborhood Participation 23
- 24. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) Final Model: ◦ Level 1: Parcel Characteristics Near Produce Garden or not ◦ Level 2: Neighborhood Characteristics Social Capital/Cohesion Neighborhood Disorder Fear of Crime Neighborhood Participation Population Density Percent Owner-Occupied Households 24
- 25. Table 1. Effect of living within 50 meters of a produce garden or vacant lot on mean lawn maintenance score (parcel n=399, census block group n=15) Sample Residential, Occupied properties within 50 meters a produce garden or vacant lot Predictor Model 1a Near Produce Garden or not (1=Yes, 0=No) Intercept B01 Model 1b Near Produce Garden or not (1=Yes, 0=No) Intercept B0 Population Density Percent Owner Occupied Properties Social Capital/Cohesion (z-score) Neighborhood Disorder (z-score) Neighborhood Participation (z-score) Fear of Crime (z-score) Coefficient .25* -.06 .19* -.38* -.00 .01 1.95** 1.64** -.48* .89 *p < 0.05, ** p< 0.01, μ0=n.s. 25
- 26. Cautions about causal inference Gardens not randomly placed Generalizability 26
- 27. Reduction of Urban Blight Social Diffusion of Benefits Flint has opportunities to invest in greening 27
- 28. LandBank ◦ Clean and Green, Adopt a Lot Greened Areas and Crime 28
- 29. For more information please visit: http://yvpc.sph.umich.edu/ 29
Notes de l'éditeur
- Explain MI-YVPC
- Explain MI-YVPC
- Say the word “outcomes” of NH Disorganiztion
- Say the word “Outcomes of neighborhood maintenance”
- Groenewegen, van den Berg, de Vries & Verheij (2006): Vitamin G (point 1)Kuo0 and Sullivan (2001): Environment and Crime in the Inner City (point 2)Malakoff’s ACGA monograph reviews two unpublished reports, one from Philadelphia (cite) and another from San Francisco (cite) that observed marked reductions in burglaries, thefts and illicit drug dealing in neighborhoods with garden projects. Well maintained green areas promote health and well-being: Reduced mental fatigue, aggression, violence, crimeLower blood pressure and muscle tensionIncrease social cohesion by promoting opportunities for interaction among residents
- Explain where this idea came from. Hot spots are highly maintained, blue are poorly maintained areas
- Explain where this idea came from. Hot spots are highly maintained, blue are poorly maintained areas
- Outcomes – make sure note that this is for “well cared for parks and gardens”
- Make sure to note that produce gardens also had to be “actively maintained”
- Define lawn maintenanceSelect appropriate properties to compare
- After controlling for neighborhood level population and social characteristics, we found better lawn maintenance in residential, occupied properties near produce gardens Found the same at 100m.