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clinical anatomy of mid brain
- 1. Clinical anatomy of MID BRAIN 1305 Ajay sharma
- 2. Midbrain Cerebral peduncles Pons Basis pontis Medulla Ventral – Lateral View
- 4. The midbrain is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation
- 5. DIVISION OF THE MIDBRAIN MIDBRAIN CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE CRUS CERBRI TEGMENTUM TECTUM SUPERIOR COLLICULUS INFERIOR COLLICULUS
- 7. AT THE LEVEL OF THE INFERIOR COLLICULUS CAVITY NUCLEI MOTOR TRACTS SENSORY TRACTS
- 9. SUBSTANTIA NIGRA TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEI OF CN V INFERIOR COLLICULUS NUCLEI
- 10. The substantia nigra is divisible into a dorsal part, the pars compacta; and a ventral part, the pars reticularis. The pars compacta contains dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons. Most of the neurons in Superiorly, the pars reticularis becomes continuous with the globus pallidus. The substantia nigra is closely connected, functionally, with the corpus striatum (and in causation of Parkinsonism,
- 12. TRACTS SENSORY • TRIGEMINAL • SPINAL • MEDIAL • LATERAL • DECUSSATION OF SUPERIOR CERBELLAR PEDUNCLE MOTOR • CORTICOSPINAL • CORTICONUCLEAR • TEMPOROPONTINE • FRONTOPONTINE • MED. LONG. FASCICULUS
- 13. AT THE LEVEL OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS CAVITY NUCLEI MOTOR TRACTS SENSORY TRACTS
- 15. SUBSTANTIA NIGRA OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS SUPERIOR COLLICULUS MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEUS OF CN V RED NUCLEUS EDINGER WESTPHAL NUCLEUS NUCLEI
- 21. Medial midbrain syndrome (paramedian branches of upper basilar and proximal posterior cerebral arteries) ON SIDE OF LESION Eye "down and out" secondary to unopposed action of fourth and sixth cranial nerves, with dilated and unresponsive pupil: Third nerve fibers ON OPPOSITE SIDE Paralysis of face, arm, and leg: Corticobulbar and corticospinal tract descending in crus cerebri
- 23. Lateral midbrain syndrome (syndrome of small penetrating arteries arising from posterior cerebral artery) On side of lesion Eye "down and out" secondary to unopposed action of fourth and sixth cranial nerves, with dilated and unresponsive pupil: Third nerve fibers and/or third nerve nucleus On side opposite lesion Hemiataxia, hyperkinesias, tremor: Red nucleus, dentatorubrothalamic pathway
- 24. Weber’s syndrome injury to the cerebral peduncle causes ipsilateral oculomotor palsy with contralateral hemiparesis
- 26. WEBER’S SYNDROME
- 27. In Benedikt’s syndrome injury to the red nucleus results in ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral tremor, chorea, and athetosis.
- 30. In Nothnagel’s syndrome , injury to the superior cerebellar peduncle causes ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral cerebellar ataxia.
- 31. superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) is a paired structure of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the midbrain.
- 32. Claude's syndrome Claude’s syndrome incorporates features of both of these syndromes, by injury to both the red nucleus and the superior cerebellar peduncle.
- 33. is a form of brainstem stroke syndrome characterized by the presence of an ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy, contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral ataxia, and contralateral hemiplegia of the lower face, tongue, and shoulder. Claude's syndrome affects occulomotor nerve,red nucleus and brachium conjunctivum
- 35. Parinaud's Syndrome also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, vertical gaze palsy, and Sunset Sign, is an inability to move the eyes up. It is caused by compression of the vertical gaze center at the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
- 37. Conjugate down gaze in the primary position: "setting-sun sign". Neurosurgeons see this sign most commonly in patients with failed hydrocephalus shunts.
- 38. it has been associated with three major groups: Young patients with brain tumors in the pineal gland or midbrain: pinealoma (intracranial germinomas) are the most common lesion producing this syndrome. Women in their 20s-30s with multiple sclerosis Older patients following stroke of the upper brainstem
- 40. any other compression, ischemia or damage to this region can produce these phenomena: obstructive hydrocephalus, midbrain hemorrhage, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, trauma and brainstem toxoplasmosis infection. Neoplasms and giant aneurysms of the posterior fossa have also been associated with the midbrain syndrome.
- 42. Thank you