The Cultural/Historic Urban Landscape: A Resource for Urban Regeneration and Local Development

“THE SCIENCE OF THE
CITY”
ADVANCED BRAINSTORM
CARREFOUR (ABC)
The PRIN Research
Project
The Cultural/Historic
Urban Landscape: A
Resource for Urban
Regeneration and Local
Development
Luigi Fusco Girard, Maria Cerreta, Pasquale De Toro,
Maria Rita Pinto, Serena Viola
| 2016, 21-23 March

OUTLINE
1. Why the landscape approach?
1.1 The role of the landscape: an empirical evidence
1.2 The quality of urban landscape
1.3 The complex notion of urban cultural landscape
and the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)
2. The complex landscape evaluation:
from Naples Metropolitan City
to the sub-area Torre Annunziata/Pompei
3. Conclusions
Luigi Fusco Girard, Maria Cerreta, Pasquale De Toro, Maria Rita Pinto, Serena Viola| 2016, 21-23 MarchThe Science of the City

1. WHY THE LANDSCAPE
APPROACH?
All the values/goals/interests of a society are reflected
in the landscape.: here we can regognize the culture itself of a society
The “health” of a city/territory and the human well-being in a city-territory
can be read in the landscape.
The more important challenges of our time (health, safety, climate change,
immigration, urbanization, energy, pollution, social disparities, poverty, etc.)
are embedded in the landscape.
The landscape research contributes
to the achievement of the Agenda 2030
The landscape stimulates an integrated symbiotic paradigm, because in teh
landscape research all hard and soft sciences/disciplines are involved.
The landscape approach offers an unifying, holistic and relational
notion/concept/idea for facing all the goals of the Agenda 2030.

APPROACH?
Sustainable Development Goals

APPROACH?

APPROACH?
The landscape is an holistic indicator of the sustainable, inclusive,
safe, resilient city
Considering that the human well-being is the ultimate goal of
sustainable development (United Nations, 2013), the landscape can
be considered the syntetic indicator of the sustainability.
The perspective of landscape offers an integrated, holistic, and
systemic approach to analyse urban transformations in urban
planning toward sustainable development.

APPROACH?
There is an empirical evidence that a poor and degraded landscape
determines a loss of systemic (economic, social/cultural, touristic,
etc.) attractiveness and an economic loss.
The quality of landscape has often been considered as a pre-
condition for urban regeneration, in turn capable of delivering a
number of other (also economic) benefits.
This uniqueness of a landscape can become a catalyst for productive
activities, especially creative/innovative ones if it is achieved with
careful governance.

1.1 THE ROLE OF THE
LANDSCAPE:
AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Some cities (as ones in the International Cittaslow Network)
have activated a process of “transition” towards
a new model of development,.
They have improved both their natural and man-made landscape.
This approach has produced a relevant number
of new economic, environmental and social benefits (Fusco Girard,
2013, 2014).
.

1.1 THE ROLE OF THE
LANDSCAPE:
AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
The role of
urban complex landscape
in city regeneration

1.2 THE QUALITY OF
URBAN LANDSCAPE
.
The quality of the urban landscape contributes to
the productivity of the city (economic activities, especially the most
innovative, and not only those associated with tourism).

1.2 THE QUALITY OF
URBAN LANDSCAPE
The experiences of Italian small cities (less than 50.000 inhabitants):
positive aspects and limits
The beauty of landscape, interpreted as both a natural and a man-
made system, a common element in the experience of many Italian
many slow cities, has often been the point of entry of various local
development policies.
This “beauty” has been the subject of careful management and
enhancement strategies, both directly and indirectly.

1.2 THE QUALITY OF
URBAN LANDSCAPE

1.3 THE COMPLEX NOTION OF
URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)The Historic Urban Landscape, characterized by a high aesthetic
quality, has been considered and managed as a great attractor.
In this landscape of outstanding beauty, specific activities and
creative actions were included which aimed to enhance the particular
identity of the different cities.
The capacity to conserve existing activities and the ability to attract
new innovative activities is linked to a social and human quality
landscape: a dense links of trust and personal relationships that
stimulates synergies and symbiosis between social, built and natural
landscapes.

URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)The success has been due to those strategies that have managed to
integrate their efforts to produce natural and built landscape with
the quality of the social, human, landscape.
In this way, they have regenerated a demand, and then a new
positive trend.
Their actions can be ascribed to the re-creation of a complex
landscape to stimulate/regenerate a demand, and hence economic
profitability for investments.

URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)The EU Convention and the UNESCO Recommendations on HUL
reflect the landscape as a dynamic /evolutionary system that
changes during the time for satisfying social needs: it requires to be
managed in a wise/ sustainable way, not only as a resource to be
preserved.

URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)

URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)The adoption of the UNESCO notion of the Historic Urban Landscape
as a new approach to landscape management, characterized by a
continuous process of change, suggests a shift from the control of
resource conservation to a dynamic change management.
The Historic Urban Landscape approach, instead of controlling the
characteristics of individual components of landscape and their value
over time, suggests a new unitary way of seeing that encourages
change, variability, diversity and also hybrid solutions, in order to
improve overall systemic resilience

URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)
Example of
Heritage Impact
Assessment Matrix

URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)
The visual assessment is not consistent with the multidimensional,
systemic and complex HUL approach.
It must be enriched with an economic assessment of landscape, where
the meta-economic values of the landscape are transformed into
instrumental economic values.
n this way, it is also possible to compare the new economic benefits
arising from a transformation with lost benefits. It is possible to review
new developments and their localization to reduce damage to the
landscape and hence its attractiveness.

URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)
Evaluations of different possible futures, understood as interpretation,
anticipation of impacts, and comparison, are an essential tool not only
to promote synergies to make the organization of the city more efficient
and less wasteful through circularization processes, essential to reduce
urban entropy.
They are also necessary for the construction of creative public-private-
social partnerships, without which, in the context of scarce public
resources, it becomes difficult to effectively provide for the development
of different forms of urban landscape and, in particular, the
establishment of symbiosis in the concrete space of places.

URBAN CULTURAL
LANDSCAPE AND
THE HISTORIC URBAN
LANDSCAPE (HUL)
The HUL approach, being based on the relational principle, suggests
the search for creative combinations of different forms of landscape to
activate a new urban dynamic.
It requires new monetary and non-monetary quantitative/qualitative
indicators to express the complex social value of the landscape, that is,
the flow of net benefits resulting from it, in terms of:
 improving well-being/health
 preservation of cultural identity, integrity, uniqueness, a sense of
belonging
 improving tourist attractiveness; attractiveness for the localization of
(especially innovative) economic activities; attractiveness for the
localization of new residents.

2. THE COMPLEX LANDSCAPE
EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
TO THE SUB-AREA TORRE
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
The Complex Landscape in Naples Metropolitan City:
contradictions, paradoxa, potentialities
> Naples Metropolitan City
> Pompei buffer zone
> Torre Annunziata

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Paolo De Stefano ph

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Torre Annunziata
Paolo De Stefano ph

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Torre Annunziata
Oplontis, Villa di Poppea

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
1. Integrated and multidimensional issues in Historic Urban Landscape at
different scales:
> Naples Metropolitan City; > Pompei buffer zone; > Torre Annunziata
2. Selection of indicators and their interpretation from the perspective of
promoting human health and well-being:
landscape as expression of health condition and well-being
3. Identification of homogeneous territorial units to support
metropolitan policies and local scenario in a perspective of Agenda 2030:
from Naples Metropolitan City to Torre Annunziata

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
To assess the possible impacts of a
regenerative process on health, it has been
developed a matrix of determinats and
indicators, to monitor those multidimensional
factors, involved in «social, cultural and
economic aspects of conservation of urban
values» (UNESCO, 2011, p.4a)

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
A ranking of the physical and spatial resources
relating to urban themes, based on the
importance of the social determinants of health,
has been elaborated combining multi-criteria
evaluation and GIS.
The synthetic map of the Historic Urban
Metropolitan Landscape allows to detect the
location and intensity of “social, cultural,
economic aspects for the conservation of urban
values” that involve heterogeneous urban
variables on population health.

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Intensity of urban
processes
on human health
in the HUL
of Naples
Metropolitan City:
metropolitan areas
tend to change where
the processes are
particularly on
healthy vibrant

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
The analysis reveals
the importance of different
urban areas
in the hinterland undergoing
expansion, as "new"
incubators of economic,
social and environmental
processes, particularly
relevant on the health
determinants.

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
The socio-economic
processes are often
blocked by of the
slowness of the
bureaucracy and by the
conflicts among
different actors, as in
areas of big social,
environmental and
epidemiological alarm
(port areas of Torre
Annunziata and Naples).

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Starting from the total mapping of processes in the Historic Urban
Metropolitan Landscape some units of homogeneous intensity levels are
analyzed and drawn geographically, identifying some health landscape
units. The definition of territorial perimeter portions has occurred a
considerable variance of processes involving the determinants of health.
We have traced 8 units with the respective 56 sub-units
where it is possible to observe the processes related to health
of homogenous intensity.

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Proposal of
landscape units
of human health
in the
Historic Urban
Metropolitan
Landscape of Naples

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
A selection of BES Indicators (Istat, 2015) describers Pompei Buffer Zone
and Torre Annunziata Municipality considering:
1. 8 domains and related indicators; 2. a statistical analysis by main components;
3. a matrix of correlation of the significant indicators

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Some paradoxes:
1. Incidence of young
couples with children
2. Incidence of youth
15-29 years who
do not study and
do not work

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Some paradoxes:
1. Inequality of income
distribution
2. Index of social and
material vulnerability

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Some relevant aspects:
1. Income level
2. Spending on culture

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Some relevant aspects:
1. Incidence of youth
15-29 years who
do not study and
do not work
2. Spending on education

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Some potentials:
1. Incidence of families
in hardship assistance
2. Incidence of families
with two or more cores

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
8 domains and
related indicators
as result of a statistical
analysis by main
components:
potential and critical
issues of well-being

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Analysis of correlation
of the significant indicators
belonging to
different domains:
some examples
Spending on culture
and
Associations

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
belonging to
different domains:
some examples
Slow mobility
and
Urban density

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
belonging to
different domains:
some examples
Inequality and education
and
Improper housing

EVALUATION:
FROM NAPLES
METROPOLITAN CITY
ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI
Three scenarios for the landscape
Torre Annunziata regeneration process

3. CONCLUSIONS
The methodological approach allow unusual lectures of the landscape to
elaborate innovative regenerative strategies which could contribute to a
new organization of sustainable urban processes.
The evaluative approach could be scaled in similar areas to support local
policy-makers and decision-making process:
 to “cater to the monitoring and management of change, to improve the
quality of life and urban space” (UNESCO, 2011, 24 / b);
 to develop alternative scenarios for sustainable territorial regeneration;
 to assess the impacts, focusing on the concerns of the effects on the
holistic health of residents processes and well-being;
 to make integrated regenerative strategies operational.

3. CONCLUSIONS
The symbiosis city (port
areas-city, city-rural areas,
Pompei site-Torre
Annunziata) is the general
model proposed for Naples
Metropolitan Area and Torre
Annunziata.
This model is based on the
circular economic processes,
where landscape can be
considered as a complex
index, expression of
knowledge, identity, and
memory, where the density
of relationships
is the intrinsic “glue” value.

THANK YOU
Luigi Fusco Girard, Maria Cerreta, Pasquale De Toro,
Maria Rita Pinto, Serena Viola
| 2016, 21-23 March

The Cultural/Historic Urban Landscape: A Resource for Urban Regeneration and Local Development

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