2. Behaviorism Defined
“a school of psychology that takes the
objective evidence of behavior (as
measured responses to stimuli) as the
only concern of its research and the
only basis of its theory without
reference to conscious experience”
Source: http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/behaviorism
3. Key Players in Behaviorism
Ivan Pavlov
Conducted an
experiment with dogs in
which a bell was rung
every time the canines
were fed. Subsequently,
the dogs learnt to
salivate at the sound of
the bell because they
associated it with food.
This method of training
was called “classical
conditioning.”
Photo Credit: Wikipedia.com
4. Key Players in Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner
Skinner is responsible for
the term “operant
conditioning.”
Skinner heavily
emphasizes that positive
reinforcement is the most
effective way to
encourage a desirable
behavior.
Negative reinforcement
will extinguish a behavior
Photo Credit: Wikipedia.com
5. Key Players in Behaviorism
Albert Bandura
Bandura’s focus in
behaviorism was social
learning
Bandura’s theories differ
from Skinner’s and
Pavlov’s because they
did not depend exlusively
on external stimulation
Bandura believes that
mechanisms within a
person contribute to
behavior
Photo Credit: 5122psychology.pbworks.com
6. Reinforcement of a Behavior
Positive Reinforcement
Involves the increasing of a stimulus
Negative Reinforcement
Involves the decreasing of a stimulus
Punishment
Aims to decrease the chance of a behavior
occurring again
Can be positive or negative
Source: http://www.learning-
theories.com/behaviorism.html
7. Behaviorism in Education
Teachers can use behavior modification to
enhance their students’ learning experience
It is important to keep in mind that each child
is an individual, and may respond differently
to stimuli than his or her peers
Teachers should have a premeditated system
of reinforcements and punishments that are
applicable to their classExamples of Positive
and Negative Reinforcement
8. The Theory in Practice
Teachers should reward positive
behaviors, such as good attendance
and consistently maintaining good
conduct
Examples of rewards would be lunch
with the teacher, extra computer time,
or a class party (if the whole class is
being rewarded)
9. The Theory in Practice
Teachers should punish undesirable
behaviors
An example of positive punishment
would be assigning a student extra
work for not paying attention
An example of negative punishment
would be revoking a privilege from a
student, such as recess
10. The Theory in Practice
Teachers should punish undesirable
behaviors
An example of positive punishment
would be assigning a student extra
work for not paying attention
An example of negative punishment
would be revoking a privilege from a
student, such as recess