This presentation discusses organizational change, including the forces driving change, factors affecting change, and types of change. The forces for organizational change include external factors like government regulations, technology, customer requirements and competition. Internal forces include deficiencies in management structure, changes in managerial and operative staff, and resource constraints. Factors affecting change include psychological, personal, and social factors of employees. The types of organizational change discussed are reactive, planned/proactive, organizational level, individual level, developmental, transitional, and strategic changes.

1. Presentation on topic :- Organisational
change:-its forces , factors affecting and its
types
Presented by :- Sangeeta
Saini
M.Com (final)
671

2. Organisational change.
Forces for organisational
change.
Factors affecting
organisational change.
Types of organisational
change.

3. Organisational change
Organisational change as a process is simply modification of
structure or process of a system. It may be good or bad.
In simple words,
change may refers to
any alteration which
takes place in overall
work environment of
an organisation.

4. Change affects an individual ,
a group and the whole of the
organisation.
If the change is beneficial to
parties , it may be immediately
accepted. On the other hand ,
if the change is not beneficial
to parties , they will resist
change.

5. Forces for
organisation change
•External forces of
change.
•Internal forces of
change.

6. External forces of change
Government rules and regulations:- from time to time government
bring changes in their policies ,rules and regulations with necessitate
change in the organisation.
Example :- the government policy to privatise the power sector
encouraged many big corporate houses to diversify into power sector.
Technological advances :-It is the major external force which calls
for the change. The adoption of new technology such as computer ,
telecommunication system and flexible manufacturing operations
have affected the working of all the organisation.
Change in people requirements :-in these days being buyer’s
market, customer does not want to purchase what is given to him
,rather he goes to purchase what he desire to purchase . So the
seller have to produce and provide product and services to
customers exactly as per their requirements.
In service industry ,Example 5 star hotel have started providing
new services such as business centre's , conference hall facilities

7. Marketing competition :-
at present marketing
condition are no more
static. They are in the
process of rapid change as
per the needs ,desires and
expectations of the
customer are changing. New
media of advertisement and
publicity are being used for
influencing the customers.
Social changes :- it is
found that because of
fast spread of education ,
knowledge explosion, and
government efforts
,social changes are taking
place at fastest speed.
Social equality like equal
opportunity to women,
equal pay for equal work
have posed new
challenges for
management.

8. Internal forces of change
Deficiencies in existing management structure :-
sometimes change are necessary because of some
deficiencies in existing organisational structure ,
arrangement and processes. These deficiencies may
be in the form of :
Larger no. of managerial levels
Lack of co-ordination among various departments
Obstacles in communication etc.
All these deficiencies requires change and revision
from time to time.
Change in managerial staff:- with the passage
of time due to high degree of professionalism
and specialisation old managers have to
replaced by new managers. Qualified
manager with broader vision bring their
innovative ideas.

9. Change in operative staff :- with the change of
time the profiles of worker has also changed .
New generation of workers have better
education qualification, broader vision and even
they question the authority to their managers.
Resource constraints :- resources refers to
money , material , machinery , personnel ,
information and technology. Inadequacy of
these resources may result in a powerful
change force for organisation.

10. Factors affecting organisational
change
Psychological
factors
Personal
factors
Social factors

11. Factors affecting organisation change
Psychological factors :- one of the most important psychological
factor affecting attitudes is the individual reaction to stress. Some
employees are rather comfortable under stress but some people
cannot bear stress and seek a calm environment.
Personal factors :- one of the most important personal factor is
experience. People who have faced similar changes in the past
draw the results on the basis of those changes and evaluate the
current change i.e. same people are flexible to change but other
may not be.
Social factors :- social factors refers to the individuals work
group. If the change is as per the norms and values , the group will
accept the change. If management attempts to bring about
organisational changes that will breakup the group , the member
will resist to change.

12. Types of change
Example :- if the worker in an
organisation are demanding the
introduction of concept of
“profit sharing” and they go on
strike to press their demand .
The change would be reactive if
the profit sharing plan is
introduced because of pressure
and strike of workers.
Reactive change
Reactive change is brought by the management under
pressure since the survival of the organisation is in danger.

13. Planned change is a proactive approach.
Proactive management tries to anticipate
future and bring the changes accordingly.
Example :- If management introduces on its
own profit sharing plan to enhance
productivity , such change would be called
proactive or planned change.

14. Organisational level change
Changes at organisational level are being made at
senior management level. These types of changes occur
over a long period time and require considerable
planning for implementation.
Individual level change
it is a change which is at an employee’s level , which may
arise due to job enlargement, job re-designing and job
loading. Individual level change will have impact on the
group which in term will influence the whole organisation.

15. Developmental change
Development changes are those you make to
improve current business procedures.
Example :- improving existing billing and
reporting system
Updating payroll procedure etc.

16. Transitional change
Transitional change
involves the replacement of
a current process with that
new to the company.
Example :-merger ,
acquisition , new product
creation and
implementation of new
technologies.

17. Strategic change
Change that is addressed to
the organisation as a whole
or to most of the
organisation component
including strategy may be
called strategic change.
Example :- change in the
organisation management
style.

18. Conclusion
In conclusion ,we can say that
organisations implement change to
increase the effectiveness of the
business. Employees tend to resist
changes due to several reasons. But
organisation are not static ; they are
continuously changing in response to
variety of forces coming from inside
and outside pressures.