GEOG3839.9, The history of dendrochronology

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Scott St. George

Formation

H I STO RY O F D E N D R O C H R O N O LO GY

THE PRINCIPLE OF
CROSS-DATING
THE PRINCIPLE OF
AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH
THE PRINCIPLE OF
REPLICATION

STANDARDIZATION
THE PRINCIPLE OF
ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDE
THE PRINCIPLE OF
SITE SELECTION

“ RINGS
IN THE BRANCHES OF
SAWED TREES SHOW
THE NUMBER OF YEARS
AND, ACCORDING TO THEIR
THICKNESS,
THE YEARS WHICH WERE
MORE OR LESS
DRY.”
Leonardo da Vinci

“ ... and if one forces a stone or similar
object into a tree, it becomes hidden,
since the new growth surrounds it,
as was the case with the wild olive tree
which stood in the market place at Megara.”
Theophrastus (371 - 287 BC)

Photograph: Anshul Nigham

Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buﬀon
1700 - 1782 1707 - 1788

Frost ring Pinus sibirica

Photograph: Fri s Schweingruber

Carl Linnaeus 1707 - 1778

Photograph: brewbooks

Lowell Observatory Flagstaﬀ Arizona

Photograph: Sam Wise

“ We do not know how old these ruins are, but I should be
glad to have an opinion from you as to whether it might
be possible to connect up with your modern and dated
trees specimens [with wood specimens] from these
[prehistoric] ruins by correlating the curves of growth… ”
Clark Wissler to A.E. Douglass, 1909

Aztec Ruin National Monument New Mexico

Photograph: Sco Catron

Pueblo Bonito New Mexico

Photograph: Chris M

Pueblo Bonito New Mexico (before it was excavated)

National Geographic ‘Beam Expeditions’ 1920s

Living-tree chronology
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

‘Floating’ chronology

Living-tree chronology
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

HH-39

‘Floating’ chronology

Living-tree chronology
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

HH-39

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

‘Floating’ chronology

“ For the three of us, the experience was unforge able.
To be present at the instance of the celebrated
breakthrough in science that set the chronological
house in order for the Southwestern United States was
reward enough. But beyond that, was the privilege to
work for a time at the side of Douglass, the scholar, the
astronomer turned archaeologist.
”
Emil Haury, 1962

Tree-ring display at elementary school

Photograph:Tom Swetnam

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These visuals were prepared to support a string quartet performance and panel on climate change at Northwestern University in February 2106. A well-designed graphic can help audiences to quickly understand the main message embedded within a complex set of climate data and to retain those ideas longer than they would have if they were conveyed by words alone. But the visual aids used regularly by climate scientists also have their limitations: they are most easily understood by people who are already fluent in technical illustrations; they're usually static and sometimes do not tell an obvious story; and for many, they don't elicit a strong emotional response. Music, by contrast, is inherently narrative and is known to exert a powerful influence on human emotions. Because of this, sonification — the transformation of data into acoustic signals — may have considerable promise as a tool to enhance the communication of climate science. Daniel Crawford and Scott St. George report on a collaboration between scientists and artists that uses music to transmit the evidence of climate change in an engaging and visceral way.

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Large-scale low-frequency variability has emerged as a priority for climate research, but instrumental observations are not long enough to characterize this behavior or gage its impacts on dependent geophysical or ecological systems. As the leading source of high-resolution paleoclimate information in the middle- and high-latitudes, tree rings are essential to understand low-frequency variability prior to the instrumental period. But even though tree rings possess several advantages as climate proxies, like other natural archives they also have their own particular impediments. In this lecture, Dr. St. George will describe the structure and characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere tree-ring width network, and outline how the fingerprint of decadal and multidecadal climate variability encoded within ancient trees varies across the hemisphere.

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In 1968, Benoit Mandelbrot and James Wallis published an article titled ‘Noah, Joseph, and operational Hydrology’ in the journal Water Resources Research. In it, they argued that hydrological models of the day were not able to estimate the true risk of extreme floods or prolonged drought, and that rare hydrological events were much more common than usually assumed. In this lecture, I’ll review how high-resolution paleoenvironmental archives can help us judge more accurately the risks posed by the ‘Noah’- and ‘Joseph’-style events described by Mandelbrot and Wallis. I’ll give particular emphasis to the environmental information recovered from the rings of ancient trees, and explain how dendrochronology (tree-ring research) has been used to redefine the ‘flood of record’, test potential avenues for long-lead climate predictions, and gage the performance of state-of-the-art climate models.

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Klinik_ Apotek Onlin 085657271886 Solusi Menggugurkan Masalah Kehamilan Anda Jual Obat Aborsi Asli KLINIK ABORSI TERPEECAYA _ Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Misoprostol Asli 100% Ampuh Hanya 3 Jam Langsung Gugur || OBAT PENGGUGUR KANDUNGAN AMPUH MANJUR OBAT ABORSI OLINE" APOTIK Jual Obat Cytotec, Gastrul, Gynecoside Asli Ampuh. JUAL ” Obat Aborsi Tuntas | Obat Aborsi Manjur | Obat Aborsi Ampuh | Obat Penggugur Janin | Obat Pencegah Kehamilan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat terlambat Bulan | Ciri Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Telat Bulan | Pil Aborsi Asli | Cara Menggugurkan Konten | Cara Aborsi Tuntas | Harga Obat Aborsi Asli | Pil Aborsi | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Cara Aborsi Sendiri | Cara Aborsi Usia 1 Bulan | Cara Aborsi Usia 2 Tahun | Cara Aborsi Usia 3 Bulan | Obat Aborsi Usia 4 Bulan | Cara Abrasi Usia 5 Bulan | Cara Menggugurkan Konten | Kandungan Obat Penggugur | Cara Menghitung Usia Konten | Cara Mengatasi Terlambat Bulan | Penjual Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Aborsi Garansi | Kandungan Obat Peluntur | Obat Telat Datang Bulan | Obat Telat Haid | Obat Aborsi Paling Murah | Klinik Jual Obat Aborsi | Jual Pil Cytotec | Apotik Jual Obat Aborsi | Kandungan Dokter Abrasi | Cara Aborsi Cepat | Jual Obat Aborsi Bergaransi | Jual Obat Cytotec Asli | Obat Aborsi Aman Manjur | Obat Misoprostol Cytotec Asli. "APA ITU ABORSI" “Aborsi Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesteron, karena hormon ini dibendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak,sehingga mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja || maksimal 1 jam obat diminum || PENJELASAN OBAT ABORSI USIA 1 _7 BULAN Pada usia kandungan ini, pasien akan merasakan sakit yang sedikit tidak berlebihan || sekitar 1 jam ||. namun hanya akan terjadi pada saatdarah keluar merupakan pertanda menstruasi. Hal ini dikarenakan pada usiakandungan 3 bulan,janin sudah terbentuk sebesar kepalan tangan orang dewasa. Cara kerja obat aborsi : JUAL OBAT ABORSI AMPUH dosis 3 bulan secara umum sama dengan cara kerja || DOSIS OBAT ABORSI 2 bulan”, hanya berbedanya selain mengisolasijanin juga menghancurkan janin dengan formula methotrexate dikandungdidalamnya. Formula methotrexate ini sangat ampuh untuk menghancurkan janinmenjadi serpihan-serpihan kecil akan sangat berguna pada saat dikeluarkan nanti. APA ALASAN WANITA MELAKUKAN ABORSI? Aborsi di lakukan wanita hamil baik yang sudah menikah maupun belum menikah dengan berbagai alasan , akan tetapi alasan yang utama adalah alasan-alasan non medis (termasuk aborsi sendiri / di sengaja/ buatan] MELAYANI PEMESANAN OBAT ABORSI SETIAP HARI, SIAP KIRIM KESELURUH KOTA BESAR DI INDONESIA DAN LUAR NEGERI. HUBUNGI PEMESANAN LEBIH NYAMAN VIA WA/: 085657271886

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Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? webinar Thursday 2 May 2024 A joint webinar created by the APM Enabling Change and APM People Interest Networks, this is the third of our three part series on Making Communications Land. presented by Ian Cribbes, Director, IMC&T Ltd @cribbesheet The link to the write up page and resources of this webinar: https://www.apm.org.uk/news/making-communications-land-are-they-received-and-understood-as-intended-webinar/ Content description: How do we ensure that what we have communicated was received and understood as we intended and how do we course correct if it has not.

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Basic Civil Engineering notes first year Notes Building notes Selection of site for Building Layout of a Building What is Burjis, Mutam Building Bye laws Basic Concept of sunlight ventilation in building National Building Code of India Set back or building line Types of Buildings Floor Space Index (F.S.I) Institutional Vs Educational Building Components & function Sills, Lintels, Cantilever Doors, Windows and Ventilators Types of Foundation AND THEIR USES Plinth Area Shallow and Deep Foundation Super Built-up & carpet area Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R) RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete RCC VS PCC

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Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English

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GEOG3839.9, The history of dendrochronology

2. H I STO RY O F D E N D R O C H R O N O LO GY

3. NOT ON MID-TERM

4. THE PRINCIPLE OF CROSS-DATING THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH THE PRINCIPLE OF REPLICATION STANDARDIZATION THE PRINCIPLE OF ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDE THE PRINCIPLE OF SITE SELECTION

5. “ RINGS IN THE BRANCHES OF SAWED TREES SHOW THE NUMBER OF YEARS AND, ACCORDING TO THEIR THICKNESS, THE YEARS WHICH WERE MORE OR LESS DRY.” Leonardo da Vinci

6. “ ... and if one forces a stone or similar object into a tree, it becomes hidden, since the new growth surrounds it, as was the case with the wild olive tree which stood in the market place at Megara.” Theophrastus (371 - 287 BC) Photograph: Anshul Nigham

7. Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buﬀon 1700 - 1782 1707 - 1788

8. Frost ring Pinus sibirica Photograph: Fri s Schweingruber

9. 1737 !1708

10. Carl Linnaeus 1707 - 1778 Photograph: brewbooks

11. Alexander Twining 1801 - 1884

12. “...every tree told the same story.”

13. Tucson, AZ

14.

15.

16. Flagstaﬀ, AZ

17. Andrew Douglass (right) Flagstaﬀ 1898

18. Lowell Observatory Flagstaﬀ Arizona Photograph: Sam Wise

19.

20.

21. Tucson, AZ

22.

23.

24. Photograph: Howard Arno

25. Photograph: Christine and John Fournier

26. “ We do not know how old these ruins are, but I should be glad to have an opinion from you as to whether it might be possible to connect up with your modern and dated trees specimens [with wood specimens] from these [prehistoric] ruins by correlating the curves of growth… ” Clark Wissler to A.E. Douglass, 1909

27. Aztec Ruin Publo Bonita

28. Aztec Ruin National Monument New Mexico Photograph: Sco Catron

29. Pueblo Bonito New Mexico Photograph: Chris M

30. Pueblo Bonito New Mexico (before it was excavated)

31. Photograph: Stones 55

32. Wupatki New Mexico

33. National Geographic ‘Beam Expeditions’ 1920s

34. Show Low, AZ

35. $5 for 100 rings

36. $65 2011 dollars for 100 rings

37.

38. Living-tree chronology 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 ‘Floating’ chronology

39. Living-tree chronology 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 HH-39 ‘Floating’ chronology

40. Living-tree chronology 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 HH-39 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 ‘Floating’ chronology

41. “ For the three of us, the experience was unforge able. To be present at the instance of the celebrated breakthrough in science that set the chronological house in order for the Southwestern United States was reward enough. But beyond that, was the privilege to work for a time at the side of Douglass, the scholar, the astronomer turned archaeologist. ” Emil Haury, 1962

42.

43. Tree-ring display at elementary school Photograph:Tom Swetnam

44.

45.

46.

47.

48. FUTURE LAB EXERCISE

49. Photograph: Kurt Kipfmueller

50. Photograph: Kurt Kipfmueller

51. Photograph: Kurt Kipfmueller

52. Photograph: Calvin Farris

53. Photograph: Calvin Farris