Tools of data collection
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the ppt is useful for candidates of paper 3 of SET/NET exams in India and researchers at initial level.
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Tools of data collection
- 1. sgisave@ymail.com 1 Tools of Data Collection By, S.G.Isave, Assistant Professor, Tilak College of Education, Pune - India
- 2. sgisave@ymail.com 2 Tools • Questionnaire • Interview schedule • observation
- 4. sgisave@ymail.com 4 Meaning of Interview schedule • One to one direct communication between researcher and subject for collection of data. • Series of a questions to be asked in an interview is called interview schedule.
- 5. sgisave@ymail.com 5 Types of Interview schedule • Structured (for research) • Semi-structured ( flexible but structured) • Non-directive ( free talk on issues) • Focused ( in depth talk on an issue ) (Media)
- 6. sgisave@ymail.com 6 How to conduct an Interview • Interview schedule should as per objectives. • Planning of time, duration, place, mode of recording. • Follow Formalities. • Respect not to answer right of subject. • Use of appropriate Language. • Positive body language. • Directing the interview. • Questioning – proper stress and tone, use of sub questions if required.
- 7. sgisave@ymail.com 7 Limitations • Hesitation to express • Vague • Time restrictions • Less time for thinking • Subjective • Researcher’s influence • Consciousness • Manipulated/polished/sophisticated/socially accepted responses may be preferred.
- 9. sgisave@ymail.com 9 Meaning • Series of questions in written form. • Indirect interview • Widely used tool
- 10. sgisave@ymail.com 10 When to use • Objective tool • Factual data required • Large sample • Minimum cost & time • Crossing Geographical limitations
- 11. sgisave@ymail.com 11 Types • Open • Close • Mixed • E-mail • Web based • Live • Distance
- 12. sgisave@ymail.com 12 Development of Questionnaire • Objectives • Content analysis • Combination of Types of questions. • Sequence of questions. • Statistical techniques. • Questions- clear, correct, to the point, appropriate nos.,
- 13. sgisave@ymail.com 13 Administration of Questionnaire • Appointment • Take in to confidence • Instructions and expectation • Tackling queries • Postage • Formalities
- 14. sgisave@ymail.com 14 Advantages of Questionnaire • Objectivity • Freedom to think • Flexibility of time • Free to answer.
- 15. sgisave@ymail.com 15 Limitations of Questionnaire • Difficult to analyze. • Environmental effects. • Collection is a challenge • Ambiguous
- 16. sgisave@ymail.com 16 Qualities of Good Questionnaire • EXTERNAL - • Instructions • Primary Information • Font style and Type • Grammar • Quality, colour and size of Paper. • Proper space for response. • Postage • INTERNAL - • Clarity and simplicity of questions • Validity and reliability • As per age of subjects. • Divisions as per Objectives. • Pilot study
- 17. sgisave@ymail.com 17 Interview schedule vs questionnaire • Live / Real time • Direct questionnaire • More subjective. • Useful for experts, Illiterate people, parents etc. • To know views. • More time per subject. • Variety of data from a person. • Informal way. • Not easy to analyze • Flexible • One to one interaction • Researcher note responses. • Own time of subject. • Indirect interview. • More objectives. • Useful for subjects, teacher, students etc. • To collect factual data • Min time more info. • Specific data from more subjects. • Formal way. • Comparatively easier to analyze. • Rigid • One to many reaction. • Subject notes responses.
- 19. sgisave@ymail.com 19 Types of Observation • Overt – subject are aware • Covert - unaware • Participant • Non-participant
- 20. sgisave@ymail.com 20 Precautions in Observation • Appropriate tools • Field notes • Informal approach • Building rapport • What to observe • Use of audio visual devices
- 21. sgisave@ymail.com 21 Advantages • Natural response • Real collection of a data • All round data • Self experience • Understanding the subject. • Useful for sociological research. • Useful for linear research.
- 22. sgisave@ymail.com 22 Limitations • Subjectivity • Temporary form of data is acquired. • Difficult to analyze the data. • Time consumable. • Practical difficulties.
- 23. sgisave@ymail.com 23 Lets go beyond content…
- 25. sgisave@ymail.com 25 Can I qualify in first attempt? ……..Yes, Why not !
- 26. sgisave@ymail.com 26 If I do this • Believe yourself. • Understand the nature of the exam. • Collect all the units of syllabus. • Don’t be scared of passing percentage of the exam.
- 27. sgisave@ymail.com 27 If I do this.. • Prepare seriously. • Don’t just try for experience. • Prepare your own notes. • Practice to write answers. • Avoid Grammatical mistakes.
- 28. sgisave@ymail.com 28 If I do this • Solve old question paper with time management and get it checked from an expert. • Construct diagrams. • Update your knowledge with books, periodicals, internet etc. • Discuss with peer, teachers, successful candidates.
- 29. sgisave@ymail.com 29 • Be confident. • Be healthy, because learning is also physical activity. • Be careful about filling application form, attaching documents, admit cart,
- 30. sgisave@ymail.com 30 All the Best • If you try hard in proper direction, “You all will qualify in coming SET exam. in first attempt.”