Corruption analysis

1. Presented by:
Dr. Md. Shamsul Arefin
Anti- Corruption Commission
Corruption Analysis
(Integrated Approach Against Corruption)

2. C
O
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P
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3. Key
Contents-
at a Glance
Conceptual Definition
 & “Features forms of ”Durniti under
legal
, ( & )framework Definitions WB TI
Situations Analysis
 ““ ”Durniti ”- its effects and impacts
 &Social Political
 &Economic Technological
 &Environmental Cultural
 &Religious Legal

4. “Durniti”
&
Integrated
Approach
 “ ”,All unethical deeds are not Durniti
But all corruptions are unethical
 -Many people confused which crime comes
“ ”under purview of Durniti
Conceptual analysis of Integrated
Approach against Corruption
 &Shared objective goal
 Mutual Trust
 Consensus
 Sincere and bold commitment


5. Situations
Analysis
 CPI Report, 2016 of TI:
 Bangladesh ranks at 145 out of 176
countries
 Bangladesh scores 16 (0= most
corrupt & 100= Least Corrupt)

6. orruption under
egal Framework
 “Corruption”- &features
forms under legal framework
 Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947:
Section 5:
 Criminal Misconduct by public servant
who:
I. obtains/attempts to obtain any
gratification other than legal
remuneration;
II. misappropriates property entrusted to him
III. abuses position for pecuniary advantage

7. Corruption
under Legal
Framework
Offences under the Anti-Corruption
Act, 2004:
Section 26 (2): Failure to submit asset
declaration to ACC, or submission of false
declaration.
Section 27 (1): Possessing wealth beyond
known sources of income.
Section 19 (3): Causing obstruction to the
operational process of the Commission
 Schedule: The Penal Code (sections 161 -169;
217, 218. 408, 409, 420, 462AandB, 466 and
477A)

8. Corruption
under Legal
Framework
Offences under The Money Laundering
Prevention Act, 2012 Section 2(k):
(i) Knowingly moving, converting, or
transferring proceeds of crime or property
involved in an offence for the following
purposes:-
(1)concealing or disguising the illicit nature,
source, location, ownership or control of the
proceeds of crime; or
(2) assisting any person involved in the
commission of the predicate offence to evade the
legal consequences of such offence;

9. How World
Bank and TI
Define
Corruption
&
Forms of
Corruption
According to the World Bank,
corruption is ‘the misuse of public
office for private gain”.
Transparency International (TI)
defines as:
“Corruption is the abuse of entrusted
power for private gain”.
 Forms of Corruption:
Bribery
Extortion
Kickback
Cronyism
Embezzlement

10. Situations
Analysis
 CPI Report, 2016 of TI:
 Bangladesh ranks at 145 out of 176 countries
 Bangladesh scores 16 (0= most corrupt &
100= Least Corrupt)
 A very big challenge for ACC
 ACC needs to go for “Inclusive” policy
 The prevalent situations in Eight sectors need
to be analyzed
 Al examples quoted may not be termed as
Corruption straightway – but they create
conducive environment for corruption

11. Social
Impact of
Corruption
Social Protection and
Safety Programs:
 OECD’s Budget allocations in 2016 for
Social Expenditure 21% of GDP
 Social Safety and Welfare sector in
Bangladesh-BDT45,230 crores
(13.28% of Budget & 2.31% of GDP)
 Corruption creeps in across beginning
to end of the distribution and service
delivery processes
 Hardcore poverty persists

12. Social Impact
of Corruption
Households bribery (Public Offs)
 TIB’s research (2012): Extortion-13.6% of
GoB Budget
 63.7% (7,906 Hh) told- compelled to pay
bribes in public offices
 TIB’s NHS (2015): victims of bribery-58.1%
Hh, bribed BDT 8,822 crs. (3.6% -GDP 3.7%
Bdgt)
 UNICRI’s survey (25000 Hh): 30% (max) Hh
bribed to Govt. orgs

13. Social Impact
of Corruption
Erosion of social values:
 Family members/relatives keep blind to
corruption-but enjoys benefits
 No bites of conscience-no protests
 Most of the perpetrators of grand corruptions,
being high-ups, are safely positioned in society
 The State powers not strongly committed to hold
and punish them

14. Social Impact
of Corruption
Examples of Social crimes:
 Trading in porno and obscene films
 Blackmail with private pictures secretly recorded
by cctv/cell phone
 Defraud by enticing on lottery gains
 The State powers not strongly committed to hold
and punish them
 Abuse of social media by posting malicious,
defamatory, seditious, anti-state status, etc.

15. Political
influence &
Formats of
Corruption
 Political leaders globally involved in
corruption:
Five former presidents of Indonesia, Philippines, Zaire,
Nigeria, Serbia
Corruption charges raised against impeached President
of Brazil (D.Rousseff) , current Premier of Malaysia ad
President of S.Africa
 Recent addition is Park Geun-hye of South Korea
Examples of corruptions by political leaders are also
available in BD.

16. Political
influence &
Formats of
Corruption
 Corporate corrupt practices:
Distribution of money in cash for votes
Abuses of official powers by Public representatives
(projects, recruits…)
Developing infrastructures and facilities for the
prospective voters
Engaging persons in political activities against payment
of money
Statement of Wealth with untrue information or
suppression of facts
Untrue Statements of Party or Election Expenditures or
suppression of facts
Extortion in the name of the Parties

17. Economic Impact
of Corruption
 WB’s survey (2008) reveals:
Cost of corruption- US$ 2.6 Trillion (5%+ of Global
GDP)
In Africa, corruption causes loss of nearly
25% of its GDP-
In Bangladesh corruption eats up 2-3% of
national GDP
Losses in service oriented public offices of
Bangladesh-5% (TIB)
Losses by over /under invoicing

18. Economic Impact
of Corruption
 Adverse impact on Economy:
* Corruption causes increases in-
Costs of trading & investments, Project costs
and period
Money-laundering, cross-border smuggling,
human- trafficking, terrorist financing,
availability of arms, black money, etc.
* Corruption causes decrease in-
Productive growth rate
Govt. Revenues, project aid, trust of the
development partners

19. Environmental
Impact of
Corruption
 Corruption - correlated with Environmental
sustainability
 Corruption causes laxity in regulatory
control and monitoring
 Corruption and environmental degradation
increases till transition
 Healthy growth in GDP helps arrest the
trend of human-induced damages to
Environmental Sustainability

20. Environmental
Impact of
Corruption
 Corruption - correlated with Environmental
sustainability
 Corruption causes laxity in legal
enforcement, regulatory control and
monitoring
 Corruption and environmental degradation
increases till transition
 Healthy growth in GDP helps arrest the
trend of human-induced damages to
Environmental Sustainability

21. Environmental
Impact of
Corruption
 Offences causing threats to Environmental
Sustainability:
 Hills cutting, logging & deforestation
 Using prohibited fuels in brick-kilns
 Refilling the water bodies, grabbing the
lands and polluting the water
 Toxic Emissions from vehicles
 Unauthorized use of hazardous
chemicals/pesticides in cultivating and
preserving fruits, vegetables, fishes, etc.

22. Techno-
ogical Impact of
Corruption
 UNCAC’s urge to use modern technology
(Chapter-III, Art. 48):
 State Parties shall endeavour to cooperate
within their means to respond to offences
covered by this convention committed through
the use of modern technology.
 E-governance practices widening
 Alarming! wide abuses to commit corruption &
other crimes

23. Techno-
logical Impact
of Corruption
 Abuses of Modern Technology:
 Deceptive “Diesel Dupe” system of
Volkswagen detected by EPA
Counterfeiting Currency, Passport Visa,
Debit/Credit cards, etc.
 Hacking/ cyber crimes (heist of US$ 81 million
from resereve of BB)
 Observations of WB, IMF & APG about
increase of cyber risk in financial sector in
Bangladesh
 No institutional establishment in BD like AIC of
Australia
CFCG, 2011- for ICT: “Dishonestly obtaining
benefit, or causing a loss, by deception or other
means”

24. Cultural Impact
of Corruption
 Is corruption a cultural issue?
 Concept of National culture and
institutional culture
 Regional and international syndicate of
corruption crimes (Chinese citizen, Zoe
Jing Hui/German citizen Piotr
Szczepan Mazurek)
 Corruption emanates from cultural
degenerations also
 Raising Cultural Movement

25. Cultural
Impact of
Corruption
.
Corruption and other crimes in cultural sector:
 Exhibition of obscene movies-no control
 Plagiarism, exact copying of music, movies, artworks,
etc. entirely or partly
 Corruption or cronyism in Electronic Media, national
celebration programs, sports tournaments, outsourcing
contracts, expenditures in national or grand cultural
events
 Smuggling out invaluable objects of our cultural
heritage, sculptures, etc.
 Leak-outs of question papers by teachers, corruption
with stipend program, forged certificates, excessive
enrolment charges

26. Corruption in
Religious
sector
 Corruption is a spiritual disease
 It vitiates the mind and mental make-up
 Lies, Avarice, injustice, malice, jealousy;
deception, arrogance, cruelty, attempt to kill,
etc. generates inclination toward committing
offences
 The religion terms all these acts prompted by
those vices as sins
 Story of Nuh (a) is well known to Muslims- a
great lesson agaisnt corruption

27. Corruption in
Religious
sector
 The Religion can hold control and
discipline of society and community
 The Religion preaches not only for
goodness in the life after, but also for a fair
and holy practical life for the welfare of
others also.
 “Eat and drink from the provisions of
Allah, and do not commit abuse on the
earth, spreading corruption”
[Al-Quran(2:60)]
 The Rig Veda says:
“When even one human being dies of
starvation, itis a signal that corruption has
crept in society.”
:.

28. Corruption
in Religious
sector
Corruption/crimes in religious sector:
Exploitation of common pious people by fake
“Pir”
Misinterpretation of religious scriptures and
thereby inciting terrorism
Corruption in religious institutions
 Money laundering in the name of preaching
Engaging innocent students for political gains
 Malicious and deadly conflicts among the
followers of different groups of same religion or
of different “PIRs”

29. Corruption in
Legal sector
Corruption lies with the age old legal system
 Accumulated back-log and resultant unusual
delay in disposal of cases induces corruption
 Political interventions to obtain favorable
order and decisions is a big block to
administration of justice
The business people also suffer losses from
procrastinations of judicial process
 1442 days needed for execution of one
business contract in Bangladesh
:.

30. LET US JOIN OUR
HANDS AGAINST
CORRUPTION

31. Thanks